Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
swNeurodrugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| levodopa | Mech /n replaces dopamine (no blood brain) converted by LAAD Pharm absorbed SI, same pump as brain Coadmin with carbidopa Adverse Effects N/V from CTZ, psychosis, dyskinesisas (5-7 yr after), arrhythimas, Ortho hypo, end of dose or on-off, comp |
| carbidopa | Mechanism Peripheral LAAD inhibitor, allows L Dopa dosage to be lessened by 75% Pharmacokinetics Given in fixed proportion (1:4 or 1:10) |
| pramipexole | Class dopamine receptor agonist Mechanism nonergot dopamine agonist prefer D3, high affinity for D2/D4 NO D1/D5 effect Inhibit indirect, no effect on direct Adverse nausea, somnolence, edema, hallucinations, confusion, ortho hypo, worse compul |
| ropinirole | Class dopamine receptor agonist Mechanism nonergot dopamine agonist prefer D3, high affinity for D2/D4 NO D1/D5 effect Inhibit indirect, no effect on direct Adverse nausea, somnolence, edema, hallucinations, confusion, ortho hypo, worse compul |
| selegiline | Class monoamine oxidase B inhibitor Mechanism selective, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B enhances effect of LDopa, prevents end of dose and on off Adverse Effects Don't take with antidepressants, toxic effects |
| tolcapone | Class COMT inhibitor Mechanism central/peripheral competitive inhibitor of COMT extends and increases duration of LDopa Adverse Effects Explosive diarrhea, fatal hepatotoxicity |
| entacapone | Class COMT inhibitor Mechanism Inhibits ONLY peripheral COMT |
| benztropine | Class Anticholinergic agents Mechanism Muscarinic antagonist Improve tremor and rigidity, not bradykinesia Adverse Effects drowsiness, delusion, moods, dry mouth, blurred vision, memory loss, dementia |
| diphenhydramine | Class anticholinergic agents Mechanism Antihistamine Therapy Better tolerated, esp elderly Adverse Effects drowsiness, delusion, moods, dry mouth, blurred vision, memory loss, dementia |
| benzodiazepines | Class treat spasticity Mechanism facilitate action of GABA Therapy acute muscle spasm, cerebral palsy, spinal cord lesions |
| baclofen | Class treat spasticity Mechanism agonist of GABA-B (GPCR, hyperpolarization in spinal cord) Therapy MS, ALS, traumatic spinal cord injury Adverse Effects weakness, drowsiness, lowered seizure threshold |
| dantrolene | Class treat spasticity Mechanism relaxes muscles by reducing Ca release from SR Therapy Malignant hyperthermia, cerebral palsy, MS Adverse Effects |
| Morphine | Mechanism poor BBB crossing liver glucuronidated 3,6. 3 inactive, 6 more potent. mu, desc inhib of pain, hyperpol of spine and nociceptors, reducted emotional rxn Pharm Patient admin IV or strict dosing sched Adverse Effects NO in renal/liver |
| Codeine | Mechanism medium BBB crossing Descending inhib of pain via hyperpol of PAG, RM, LC. Via mu, inhib nocicep interneurons. Reduced pain emotion Therapy Adverse Effects |
| Fentanyl | Class Opioid Mechanism opioid. Pharmacokinetics spinal and epidural anesthesia, patch Adverse Effects |
| Meperidine | Mechanism No miosis Therapy OB wards pain relief- shorter half life Adverse Effects toxic metabolites (no renal probs), contraindicated with MAOIs |
| Opioid adverse effects | Euphoria, dysphoria, sedation, miosis, depression of emesis, thermoregulation (lower body temp set point, mask low fever), hyperalgesia after withdrawal, vasodilation |
| Oxycodone | Mechanism semisynthetic opioid, codeine + NSAID |
| Tramadol | Class Mu receptor agonist Mechanism Mu agonist, inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norephinephrine Adverse Effects Decreased seizure threshold |
| Diphenoxylate | Class Mu agonist Mechanism minimal analgesia, used to treat diarrhea |
| Loperamide | Class Mu agonist Mechanism minimal analgesia, used to treat diarrhea |
| Buprenorphine | Class mixed agonist Mechanism lack full potency, less resp depression. more potent than morphine. Ceiling on effect. slow dissociation, antagonizes others Pharmacokinetics Sublingual effective, nasal for migraines |
| Naloxone | Class Opioid antagonist Mechanism Bulky N17 group prevents activation of mu > kappa/delta. Pharmacokinetics IV or IM- NO ORAL. Short acting. |
| Naltrexone | Class Opioid antagonist Pharmacokinetics Longer half life than Naloxone, can be given orally Therapy Block effects of injected heroine for 48 hours, reduces all other craving behavior |
| Pregabalin | Class anticonvulsant Mechanism reduce spiking of pain neuron by inducing GABAa and inhibiting Ca (glut) Therapy Neuropathic pain AE: sedation |
| Gapapentin | Class anticonvulsant Mechanism reduce spiking of pain neuron by inducing GABAa and inhibiting Ca (glut) Therapy Neuropathic pain (DM) Partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizure AE: sedation |
| phenytoin | Class non sedative anti epileptic Mechanism prevents recovery of Na from inactivation Therapy partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures Adverse Effects gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, hepatic failure, nonlinear kinetics-toxic |
| carbamazepine | Class Anti epileptic Mechanism Inhibits Na recovery from inactivation Therapy Simple and complex partial, tonic-clonic generalized, trigeminal neuralgia Adverse Effects Induces its own kill protein, diplopia, ataxia, aplastic anemia, agranulo |
| lamotrigine | Class Anti epileptic Mechanism Inhibits Na recovery from inactivation Therapy Partial seizures Adverse Effects Rashes (esp pediatrics), Steven Johnson |
| valproic acid | Class Antiepileptic Mechanism Inhibits Na recovery from inactivation Therapy Generalized myoclonic seizures, simple and complex partial, tonic-clonic generalized, absence Adverse Effects hepatotoxicity, fulminant hepatitis, teratogen- NO PREG |
| phenobarbital | Class Anti epileptic Mechanism Enhances GABA, inhibits sodium, blocks calcium, blocks glut Therapy febrile seizures in kids, partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures Adverse Effects toxicity, strong sedative |
| clonazepam | Class Antiepileptic Mechanism GABA enhancer Therapy Myoclonic or absence seizures Adverse Effects drowsiness |
| diazepam | Class benzo Mechanism GABA enhancer Therapy status epilepticus |
| lorazepam | Class Benzo Mechanism GABA signaling enhancer Therapy status epilepticus |
| ethosuximide | Class Anti epileptic Mechanism T type calcium inhibitor- inhibits thalamic pacemaker current, prevents rhythmic discharges. Therapy Uncomplicated absence seizures |
| topiramate | Class Anti epileptic Mechanism Block voltage Na channels, depress glut Therapy Partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, migraines Adverse Effects visual problems, urolithiasis |
| levetiracetam | Class antiepileptic Mechanism Binds synaptic vesicle protein SV2A Therapy partial, generalized tonic-clonic, and myoclonic seizures |
| lidocaine | Class Local anesthetic Mechanism Inhibits voltage gated Na channels Amide class, use with epinephrine, medium length Therapy Most widely used agent, also anti-arrythmic Adverse Effects |
| mepivacaine | Class local anesthetic Mechanism Inhibits voltage Na channels Use with epinephrine, medium length Adverse Effects TOXIC to neonates- NO OB |
| bupivacaine | Class local anesthetic Mechanism inhibits voltage gated Na channels long mech of action Therapy Peripheral nerve blocks, long procedures Adverse Effects Cardiotoxicity |
| prilocaine | Class Local anesthetic Mechanism Effective w/o vasoconstrictor, inhibits Na voltage channels, Medium action Adverse Effects Methemoglobinemia, esp in neonates- NO OB |
| ropivacaine | Class Local anesthetic Mechanism Inhibits voltage activated Na channels, Long mech of action Adverse Effects less potent, less CV toxic, less motor block |
| epinephrine | Class adrenergic agonist Mechanism Acts at alpha receptors, causes vasoconstriction in smooth muscle, less effective at extending lipid soluble drugs (long) |
| Nitrous oxide | Class Anesthetic Mechanism Low blood:gas coefficient, low potency, MAC is greater than 100% Adverse Effects Can diffuse into air filled cavity super fast- NO in pneumothorax, intestinal obstruction, air embolus, trauma |
| Halothane | Class Inhalation anesthetic Mechanism Slow induction and emergence, very potent (low MAC) Therapy Pediatric (nice smell) Adverse Effects Hepatotoxicity |
| Isoflurane | Class Inhalation anesthetic Pharmacokinetics Very cheap, slow onset and recovery |
| Desflurane | Class Inhalation anesthetic Pharmacokinetics Lowest b:g, rapid induction/emergence, low potency, completely eliminated through lungs Adverse Effects Airway irritation- NO in asthmatics/smokers |
| Sevoflurane | Class Inhalation anesthetics Pharmacokinetics Slightly less rapid than des, combined with NO, pleasant smell, used in kids Adverse Effects AVOID in pts with renal toxicity |
| Succinylcholine | Class NM blocking agent Mechanism Binds Ach receptor and promotes long depolarizations- two Ach together, not metabolized by ACHE Therapy Emergent intubation, "full stomach" Adverse Effects Bradycardia (use atropine), hyperkalemia, MH |
| Vecuronium and Rocuronium | Class Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants Mechanism Block Ach receptors No change, no depol Therapy Routine intubation, emergent if no succ Adverse Effects reverse with cholinesterase inhibitor AND anticholinergic (brady) |
| Midazolam | Class benzo Mechanism Enhance GABAa receptor activation Therapy Sedation/relieve anxiety, antegrade amnesia- 6 hrs, code blue b4 intubation, NO analgesia, seizures Pharm Slow onset Adverse Effects depress resp to hypercarbia, littleCV eff |
| Remifentanil | Class Opioid Pharmacokinetics Ultra short (3 min), continuous infusion in surgery so rapid wakeup Therapy Great for neurosurgery |
| Thiopental | Class Barbiturates Mechanism RAS, slows GABA close low, high direct stim of Cl, inhibits Ach/glut Pharmacokinetics Fast emerge, slow recovery Therapy ONLY induction in preggo Adverse Effects dec BP, inc HR, dec CBF/CMR/ICP, dec resp, neur |
| Etomidate | Class Barbituate Mechanism Increases affinity of GABA Pharmacokinetics Rapid induction, fast emergence and medium recovery Therapy CV problems/hypotension Adverse Effects N/V, minimal cardio and resp, decrease CMR/CBF/ICP |
| Propofol | Class Barbituate Mechanism Slows GABA closing, rapid everything Therapy Induction or maintenance, fast recovery, Amnesia no analgesia Effects less N/V, dec SVR, BP (bad in old hypo), dec CBF/CMR/ICP, apnea |
| Ketamine | Class Barbituate Mechanism dissociates thalamus from RAS, dissociative amnesia antagonist of NMDA Pharm Rapid induct, fast recover, no apnea Therapy Sole anestheic- analgesia, amnesia, unconsciousness Adverse Effects Inc HR, CO, BP, inc |
| Dexmedetomidine | Class Barbituates Mechanism selective a2 agonist, inhibits symp outflow/LC, substance P. Anesthesia/analgesia. Patients still breathe Pharmacokinetics Slow load neces, medium recover Adverse Effects HTN, brady if rapid, Hypo, brady if slow. A |
| Local anesthetic side effects | sleepiness at low, convulsions/depression/death at high. vasodilation induced loss of cardiac strength and dilation of arterioles, increase resting tone of bowel smooth muscle, resp depression, ester = allergic |
| Adverse effects of inhalation anesthetics | Decrease MAP, increase HR, decrease resp response (except NO), decrease CMR/CBF/ICP, decrease in GFR and urine output, decreased hepatic blood flow, malignant hyperthermia (minus NO) |
| Mech of inhalation anesthetics | Decrease neuronal activity- bind ion channels directly (steep dose rsponse). Halothane binds rhodopsin. Depressed NMDA resceptors, enhance GABA receptors. |
Created by:
sp8cc
Popular Pharmacology sets