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psychology unit 10
All About Stress
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| health psychology | the specialty in psychology that focuses on the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health |
| Stress | Pressure or demand placed on an organism to adjust or adapt |
| Distress | A state of emotional or physical suffering,discomfort, pain |
| Stressors | Sources of stress |
| hassles | Annoyances of daily life that impose a stressful burden |
| chronic stress | continuing or lingering stress |
| frustration | a negative emotional state experienced when one's efforts to pursue one's goals are thwarted |
| conflict | A state of tension brought about by opposing motives operating simultaneously |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | the individual is drawn toward two positive but mutually exclusive goals at the same time |
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict | the individual faces two opposing goals, both of which are unpleasant |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | the individual is faced with a goal that has both positive and negative qualities |
| Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict | the individual is faced with two or more goals, each with compelling positive and negative characteristics |
| PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | A psychological disorder involving a maladaptive reaction to traumatic stress |
| Type A behavior pattern(TABP) | A behavior pattern characterized by impatience, time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility. |
| Acculturative Stress | Demands faced by immigrants in adjusting to a host culture |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Selye's term for the three-stage response of the body to persistent or intense stress |
| Alarm Stage | The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome(GAS), involving mobilization of the body's resources to cope with an immediate stressor |
| fight or flight response | The body's built-in alarm system that allows it to quickly mobilize its resources to either fight or flee when faced with a threatening stressor |
| Resistance Stage | The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by the body's attempt to adjust or adapt to persistent stress |
| Exhaustion Stage | the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome(GAS), characterized by depletion of bodily resources and a lowered resistance to stress-related disorder or conditions |
| hypothalamus pituitary adrenal(HPA) | the integrated system of endocrine glands involved in the body's response to stress |
| corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) | A hormone released by the hypothalamus that induces the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone. |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormones (ACTH) | A pituitary hormone that acitivates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids(cortical steroids). |
| adrenal glands | pair of endocrine glands located just above the kidneys that produce various stress-related hormones. |
| adrenal cortex | the outer layer of the adrenal glands that secretes corticosteroids(cortical steroids) |
| corticosteroids | adrenal hormones that increase the body's resistance to stress by increasing the availability of stored nutrients to meet thte increase energy demands of coping with stressful events. Also called cortical steroids. |
| adrenal medulla | the inner part of the adrenal glands that secretes the stress hormones epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine(noradrenaline). |
| lymphocytes | white blood cells that protect the body against disease causing organisms |
| antigens | substance, such as bacteria and viruses,that are recognized to the immune system as foreign to the body and that induce it to produce antibodies to defend against themselves. |
| antibodies | protein molucules produced by the immune system that serve to mark antigens for destruction by specialized lymphocytes. |
| vaccination | a method of acquiring immunity by means of injecting a weakened or partial form of an infectous agent that can induce production of antibodies but does not produce a full-blown infection. |
| psychological hardiness | a cluster of traits (commitment, openness to challenges, and internal locus of control) that may buffer the effects of stress. |
| self-efficacy | the belief that we are capable of accomplshing what we set out to do |
| internal locus of control | belief that rewards or reinforcements are a direct consequences of their actions |
| external locus of control | belief that their fate is determined but external factors or blind luck, not by their own efforts |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart through the circulatory system |
| coronary heart diseas | the most common form of heart disease, caused by blockages in coronary arteries, the vessels that supply the heart with blood. |
| atherosclerosis | a form of arterioscelerosis involving the narrowing of artery walls resulting form the buildup of fatty deposits or plaque |
| plaque | in the circulatory system, fatty deposits that accumulate along the artery walls |
| arteriosclerosis | a condition in which artery walls become thicker and lose elasticity. Commonly called hardening of the arteries |
| heart attack | life-threatening event involving the death of heart tissue due to a lack of blood flow to the heart. Also called myocardial infraction |
| malignant tumors | uncontrolled growths of body cells that invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body |
| basal cell carcinoma | a form of skin cancer that is easily curable if detected and removed early |
| melanoma | the most deadly form of skin cancer |
| sexually transmitted disease (STD) | a disease caused bu an infectious agent that is spread by sexual contact. Also called a sexually transmitted infection or STI. |
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