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Chapter 12 vocab
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anti-Semitism | hostility toward Jews and Judaism; ranges from attitudes of disfavor to active persecution |
| bar mitzvah bat mitzvah | the ritual celebration marking the coming of age of a Jewish child. at which time the person takes on the religious responsibilities of an adult |
| Covenant | the agreement established between God and the ancient Israelites, first through Abraham and later through Moses, that designates the Jews as God's people, with special rights and responsibilities |
| Diaspora | the situation of Jews living away from their ancestral homeland, a circumstance that has been true the most Jews since the classical period |
| Hasidism | a form of Judaism that arose in eastern Europe in the 18th century and that emphasizes mysticism, a personal relationship with God, a close-knit community, and the leadership of the zaddik, charismatic holy man |
| Holocaust | the persecution of Jews by German Nazis from 1933 or 1945, resulting in the murder of some 6 million; commonly referred to by Jews as Shoah |
| Kabbalah | Jewish mysticism, which teachers that God can best be known through the heart; developed mainly in the medieval period with such texts as the Zohar |
| Mishnah | written down in about AD 200; contains teachings of the rabbis of the preceding 4 centuries; along with the Talmud, is the most important text of the oral Torah |
| Passover | the 8 day festival celebrated in the early spring that commemorates the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt |
| rabbi | a teacher of Torah and leader of Jewish worship |
| Rosh Hashanah | the festival occurring in the early fall in commemoration of the new year |
| Sabbath | the day from sunset on Friday until sunset on Saturday that is set aside for the rest and religious celebration, as decreed by the 10 commandants |
| Shema | hear; the Lord is our God, the Lord alone |
| Talmud | the vast depository of the oral Torah, based on the Mishnah with extensive rabbinic commentary on each chapter; there are 2 versions, the Palestinian and the Babylonian |
| Tanakh | a common way of referring to the Hebrew Bible, derived from the first letters of the Hebrew names of its 3 sections: Torah(T), Prophets(N), and Writings(K) |
| Torah | first 5 books of the Bible put together |
| Yom Kippur | Judaism's most importent holy day, occuring in the fall on the 10th day of the new year; spent primarily at synagogue services in prayer for forgiveness of sins and marked by abstention from food and drink |
| Zionism | originally, the movement arising in the lat 19th century that sought to re-establish a Jewish homeland; since 1948, the general support of the State of Israel |
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huntama14
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