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Stack #119400
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allergist | specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic conditions |
| hematologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues |
| immunologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system |
| oncologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer |
| interstitial fluid | plasma that flows out of the capillaries into the spaces between the cells. This fluid carries food, oxygen, and hormones to the cells. |
| lymph | remaining intercellular fluid that has not been reabsorbed. |
| Lymph Capillaries | microscopic thin-walled tubes located just under the skin, carry lymph from the tissues to the deeper and larger lymphatic vessels and ducts |
| right lymphatic duct | right side of head and neck, and upper right quadrant of the body drain into this duct which empties into the right subclavian vein. |
| thoracic duct | all other areas of body drain into this duct, which is the largest lymph vessel in the body which returns lymph by emptying into left subclavian vein. |
| adenoids | nasopharyngeal tonsils located in the nasopharynx. |
| palatine tonsils | located on left and right sides of the portion of the throat that is visible through the mouth. palatine is referring to the hard and soft palates. |
| lingual tonsils | located at the base of the tongue. |
| vermiform appendix | lymphatic tissue that hangs from the lower portion of the cecum of the large intestine |
| Peyer's patches | small bundles of lymphatic tissue located on the walls of the ileum. |
| spleen | saclike mass of lymphatic tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, just inferior to the diaphragm and posterior to the stomach. |
| hemolytic | destroys worn-out red blood cells and liberates hemoglobin |
| lacteals | specialized lymph capillaries located in the villi that line the walls of the small intestine. Fats and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed by the lacteals and carried into the bloodstream. |
| tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue that form a protective ring around the nose and upper throat. |
| thymus | located superior to the heart and is composed largely of lymphatic tissue. |
| lymphadenitis | an inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease process usually involving enlargement of the lymph nodes |
| persistent general lymphadenopathy | continued presence of enlarged lymph nodes. Often an indication of the presence of a malignancy or a deficiency in the immune system function |
| lymphangioma | congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels |
| splenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the spleen. May be caused by bleeding caused by injury, and infectious disease such as mononucleosis, or abnormal functioning of the immune system. |
| lymphangiography | radiographic examination of the lymphatic vessels after the injection of a contrast medium. Creates lymphangiogram. |
| lymphedema | swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph within tissues. |
| primary lymphedema | hereditary disorder that may appear at any time in life and most commonly affects the legs |
| secondary lymphedema | caused by cancer treatment, burns, or trauma. |
| lymphocytes | formed in bone marrow as stem cells are white blood cells that specialize to act as antibodies so they can attack specific antigens |
| B Cells | specialized lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies. |
| T Cells | small lymphocytes that have matured in thymus as a result of ttheir exposure to thymosin. |
| Interferon | produced by T cells, is a family of proteins whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication. |
| lymphokines | produced by T cells, direct the immune response by signaling between the cells of the immune system |
| macrophage | protects the body by eating invading cells and by interacting with the other cells of the immune system |
| phagocyte | is a large white blood cell that can eat and destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens |
| immunoglobulins | are secreted by B cells (aka antibodies) |
| complement | series of more that 25 complex proteins that normally circulate in teh blood in inactive form. |
| natural immunity | passed from mother to developing child before birth. |
| acquired immunity | obtained by the development of anitbodies during an attack of an infectious disease. |
| artificial immunity | obtained through immunization or vaccination. |
| western blot test | performed to confirm diagnosis from ELISA test. |
| immunotherapy | treatment of a disease that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response |
| synthetic immunogobulins | postexposure preventative measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis |
| synthetic interferon | used in treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C and some cancers |
| monoclonal antibodies | enhance patient's immune response to the cancer, and are used in the treatment of some non-Hogkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and breast and colon cancers |
| immunosuppressant | which is a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response, is administered to prevent the rejection of dnor tissue and to depressthe autoimmune disorders |
| corticosteroid drug | hormone-like preparation used primarily as an antiinflammatory and as an immunosupressant. |
| cytotoxic drug | kills or damages cells |
| bacilli | rod-shaped spore forming bacteria |
| rickettsia | small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites |
| spirochetes | spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement. |
| Lyme Disease | which is caused by the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi |
| staphylococci | are bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters |
| Streptococci | bacteria that form a chain |
| fungus | simple parasitic plant. |
| aspergillosis | infection caused by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus, that may cause inflammation and lesions on or in any organs |
| yeast | type of fungus |
| moniliasis | caused by pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, an infection of the skin and mucous membranes |
| parasite | plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism. |
| malaria | caused by a parasite that lives within certain mosquitoes |
| cytomegalovirus | group of large herpes-type viruses that cause a variety of diseases |
| infectious mononucleosis | is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is characterized by fever, sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes |
| measles | acute, highly contagious infection caused by the rubeola virus and transmitted by respiratory droplets |
| mumps | acute viral disease characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands |
| rabies | an acute viral infection that may be transmitted to humans by the blood, tissue and saliva of an infected animal |
| rubella | German measles, a viral infection characterized by fever and a diffuse, fine, red, rash. |
| varicella | chickenpox, caused by herpes virus and is highly contagious. |
| herpes zoster | Shingles, an acute, viral infection charcterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve |
| west nile virus | causes flulike symptoms, carried by birds, transmitted by mosquitos and ticks |
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c_tong