Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
World Ocean Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The deepest place in the ocean is deeper than Mount Everest is high. True or False? | true |
| Early Polynesians traveled only within sight of land. True or False? | False |
| Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface area is covered by land? | 29% |
| Which ocean contains parts of three other oceans and is limited to areas south of 50 degrees south? | Southern Ocean |
| Who took advantage of climatic warming to colonize areas of the North Atlantic starting in the 9th and 10th centuries AD? | Vikings |
| Earth is approximately how old? | 4.6 Billion Years old |
| Here in Millersville, our latitude is approximately | 40 degrees North |
| Earth's third atmosphere most likely resulted from? | Photosynthesis |
| Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. True or False? | True |
| Which covers more of Earth's surface area- land or water? | Water |
| Water covers about what % of Earth's Surface? | 71% |
| Which is the largest ocean? | Pacific Ocean |
| Which ocean lies mainly in the Southern Hemisphere? | Indian OCean |
| What is the average depth of the ocean? | 2.3 Miles |
| Who named the Pacific Ocean? | Ferdinand Magellan |
| Longitude is measured east and west from? | The Prime Meridan |
| Latitude is measured north and south from? | The equator |
| More than 2000 ya, who calculated Earth's circumference to within 35 miles? | Eratosthenes |
| Why are Captain Cook's voyages important? | He found sauerkraut prevented scurvy, He used Harrison's chronometer for the first time, and He produced the first accurate maps of the Pacific Ocean and its islands |
| Which layer of the Earth has the highest density? | Inner Core |
| Which Layer has the lowest density? | Lithosphere |
| Where is the Lithosphere? | It is at the top. It is the uppermost crust and mantle |
| Which layer is partially melted and deforms plastically? | Asthenosphere |
| The crust that has the highest density is? | Ocean Crust |
| Which is composed largely of granite? | Continental Crust |
| The East Pacific Rise is an example of a? | Divergent plate boundary |
| Deep Ocean Trenches are associated with | Subduction zones |
| Who first proposed continental drift in the early 1900's? | Wegener |
| Vine and Matthews determined that new ocean floor was produced at mid-ocean ridges by examining | the magnetic pattern on the seafloor |
| Subduction zones and volcanic arcs are associated with | Convergent Plate Boundaries |
| What is an example of ocean-ocean convergence? | Peru-Chile Trench/Andes Mountains |
| The relatively young age of the seafloor supports the idea that subduction must take place. True or False? | True |
| New ocean crust is formed at trenches and old ocean crust is subducted at mid-ocean ridges. True or False? | False |
| The Hawaiian Island are a volcanic arc that is still forming from ocean-continent convergence. True or False? | False |
| what is an example of ocean- ocean convergence? | Mariana Trench and Mariana Islands (any island trench match up) |
| 4.6 Billion years ago | Earth formed |
| 4.3 Bya | Moon forms (and oldest rocks in Hudson Bay area?) |
| 4.0 Bya | Oceans exist (and 2nd oldest rocks- Asasta Gneiss, Canada's NW Territories) |
| 3.8 Bya | First evidence of life (pillow basalts with graphite in Isua, Greenland) |
| 3.4 Bya | First evidence of photosynthesis (stromatolites in Australia) |
| 2.0 bya | Oxygenated atmosphere (1st red beds, ed of bifs) |
| 1.0 Bya | ozone screen |
| 540 mya | Cambrian Explosion of life (first fossils with hard parts) |
| 65 mya | Cretaceous extinction (dinosuars gone) followed by expansion of mammals (60mya) |
| 18 thousand years ago (kya) 18,000 | peak of latest glaciation (ice to Hazelton/Allentown area) |
| Who is an autotroph? | Oak tree, pond scum, shemosythetic bacteria, microscopic algae |
| Who is a heterotrophic? | Jellyfish, Manatee |
| Where did Earth's 2nd atmosphere come from? | Outgassing |
| How was Earth's second atmosphere changed to resemble our present atmosphere? | outgassing removed O2 |
| Events ordered correctly from earlier to later in Earth history. | photosynthesis,bif's, ozone layer, complex life |
| Evidence for continental drift as proposed in the early 1900's included? | Identical rock types separated by ocean basins, evidence of ancient glaciations in now tropical areas, puzzle like fit of the continents, the same fossils on opposite sides of an ocean (magnetic pattern was found later) |
| The north geographic pole is the same location as the Earth's magnetic north pole. True or False? | False |
| The one large continental mass proposed by Alfred Wegener was called? | Pangea |
| Lavas erupted at mid-ocean ridges are which composition? | Basalt |
| The Sea of Cortez (Gulf of CA) is in which phase in formation of ocean basin? | Linear Sea |
| Life strategies of inhabitants of unstable ?environments include | rapid maturation, many offspring, high metabolic rate |
| The producers in hydrothermal vent communities are? | Riftia tubeworms |
| What is not a divergent boundary | Aleutian Trench |
| The Peru-Chile Trench is an example of? | ocean-ocean convergence |
| The Himalayas are still rising from? | continent-continent convergence |
| Andesite is produced with? | ocean-continental convergence |
| The Aleutian Island result from? | ocean-ocean convergence |
| Through most of the 20th century, ocean depths were measured with? | speed of sound |
| where suspension settling of fine sediment forms | Abyssal plains |
| Rock fragments, coarse and fine transported by the Susquehanna River to the Chesapeake Bay are examples of? | Lithogenous Sediment |
| The seashells littering Cape Cod beaches after a storm are examples of? | Biogenous Sediment |
| The fine salt on you after you swim in the ocean and dry off in the hot sun is an example of? | Hydrogenous Sediment |
| Calcareous Ooze is an example of? | Biogenous Sediment |
| All sediment contain minute traces of? | Cosmogenous material |
| In order to be called siliceous ooze, a sediment must contain 30% or more of? | radiolarians and/or diatoms |
| Correctly listed grain sizes in order from coarsest to finest (Lithogenous) | Gravel, sand, silt, clay |
| Quartz is rare in lithogenous sediment. True of False? | False |
| Pelagic sediments are found in shallow water near continental margins. True or false? | False |
| Calcareous ooze is abundant on the surface of the deep ocean floor below 5 kilometers (~3 miles) in depth. True or False? | False |
| What % of Earth's surface area is land? Ocean? | Ocean= 71% Land= 29.2% |
| Name and locate 4 major oceans. Know facts on each. | PACIFIC- Largest geographic feature on Earth, Deepest, Named by Magellan. ATLANTIC- 1/2 size of Pacific, Shallower. INDIAN- Mainly S. Hemisphere, smaller than Atlantic. ARTIC - Smallest, shallowest, ice-covered. |
| Compare/contrast land elevations and ocean depths | Mariana's Trench deeper than Mt.Everest is high. Average ocean depth= 2.3 miles. Average land= 0.5 miles. Montakia= Tallest Mountain |
| Why were Capt Cook's voyages important? | Outline Pacific, crossed Antarctic Circle, mapped many islands. Found Sauerkraut prevented scurvy. Systematically measured ocean characteristics. Used Harrison's chronometer for longitude. |
| Why is this course called World Oceans | All of the oceans are interconnected |
| Know layers of Earth (physical properties) | LITHOSPHERE - cool,rigid,brittle. Crust and uppermost mantle. ASTHENOSPHERE - warm,plastic,able to flow. MESOSPHERE - "middle ball" = rest of mantle. OUTER CORE INNER CORE |
| What is density stratification? (example) | Layered by density. High density inside to outside. Salad dressing - oil/ vinegar. |
| What evidence supports Wegener's continental drift? | Puzzle like fit of continents.Matching rocks & Mt. chains across oceans- similar age,rock types, structures, fossils. Glacial Clues-Striations, Tillites, direction of ice flow.Climate Clues-Coal(Antarctica),Fossil palm trees(Spitzbergen),Lime Stone(VT,AK) |
| Know Evidence supporting plate tectonic theory. | Since 1965, concepts of continental drift and sea floor spreading have been united in more encompassing theory of plate tectonics,(J. Tuzo Wilson). Crust composed of mosaic of thin, rigid, blocks (plates)that move horizontally. |
| Know evidence supporting plate tectonic theory cont. | Plate boundaries have much tectonic activity Interactions of plates build major features of Earth’s crust |
| Types of Plate Boundaries- Divergent | Plates pulled apart, Magma comes up. 4 stages in formation of an ocean basin by rifting and sea floor spreading- 1) upwarping 2)rift valley 3)linear sea 4)Mid-ocean ridge. |
| Types of Plate Boundaries- Convergent | Plates move toward each other. 3 types-> Ocean-Continent = ocean subduction, ridges. Continent-Continent = goes up, mountians, hot springs. Ocean- Ocean= older,denser subducts under, Island arc. |
| Know Darwin's theory of coral reef formation. | Coral reefs can only form in tropics. Darwin (1842) observed stages of formation associated with subsiding seafloor. Fringing, Barrier. Atoll- ring of coral reef. Coral reefs can only produce on something hard. Edge of Volcanic Island. |
| Know differences between active and passive continental margins and examples of each. | PASSIVE- removed from plate boundaries. EX) West Coast of Africa. ACTIVE- West Coast N. America, Pacific Ocean, Peru Chile Trench |
| Know and describe 4 types of marine sediment. | LITHOGENOUS- derived from land. BIOGENOUS-derived from organisms. HYDROGENOUS-derived from water. COSMOGENOUS- derived from outer space. |
| Know and describe 2 main types of Biogenous sediment and examples. | Macroscopic- see with naked eye. Microscopic-cannot see with naked eye. = Tiny Shells or tests settle through water column, Biogenic ooze (30% or more tests). Mainly Algae and Protozoans. Most prevalent biogenous sediment. |
| The deepest place in the ocean is located here | Mariana Trench |
| Seafloor spreading, shallow-focus quakes, and hydro-thermal vents, are found in | divergent boundaries |
| An example of a divergent plate boundary is the | Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| What forms the longest mountain chain on Earth? | Mid-ocean ridges |
| As you cross a passive continental margin from land to open ocean, you cross | Shelf, slope, rise |
| Bits of rock that have been weathered, moved, and deposited form | Lithogenous sediment |
| The most fine-grained lithogenous sediment is | clay |
| Look for neritic deposits near shore. True or False? | true |
| Quartz is the most prevalent mineral in lithogenous sediment because? | It is very common, with a hardness of 7, it is durable, it is chemically stable |
| Sliding plate boundaries which offset mid-ocean ridge sediments are | transform boundaries |
| Which is the most abundant biogenous sediment? | Microscopic Tests |
| Who produces siliceous tests? | Diatoms |
| Calcareous ooze contains at least 30% of? | Forams and/or coccolithophores |
| Siliceous shells and tests dissolve? | Anywhere in the ocean |
| Which are algae and photosynthesis? | Diatoms and coccolithophores |
| Hydrogenous sediment includes..... | Oolites and salt (also fertilizers and vents) |
| Why is there more calcareous biogenous sediment in the Indian and Atlantic? | These basins are Shallower with all the Mid-ocean ridges |
| Lithogenous sediment is thickest...? | near continental margins |
| Know 2 types of biogenous sediment and examples. | SILICA (SiO2)- 1)Diatoms [algae] 2) Oxygen- producers in glass "houses" 3) Radiolarians [Protozoans] 4) Heterotrophs CALCIUM CARBONATE or CALCITE- 1)Coccolithophores [Algae] 2)Coccoliths [hannoplankton] 3)Forminifera[protozoan] 4)heterotrophs |
| Distribution of Lithogenous Sediment. | Mostly at continentalmargins as shallow water heritic deposits.Beaches,continental shelves, turbidites,icerafted debris.Can occur as deep ocean pelagic deposits Volcanic ash,windblown dust,abyssal(red)clay(dominant where other sediment sparse)Finer=slower |
| Distribution of Biogenous Sediment | 1) Most common as deep ocean pelagic deposits. Factors controlling distribution-- 1. Productivity 2. Destruction (dissolution) 3. dilution |
Created by:
emilyclawson
Popular Physical Science sets