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PCT Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where is aqueous humor formed? | cilliary body |
| what is anterior to the anterior chamber? posterior? | cornea; lens |
| 2 ways aqueous humor leaves the eye | filtration thru trabecular meshwork & thru cilliary body and suprachoroidal space |
| what causes aqueous humor to flow btw the iris and lens then into the anterior chamber? | pressure |
| what is the most common type of glaucoma? | primary open angle |
| Normal IOP | 10-20mmHg |
| what type of relationship is there btw high IOP and vision loss? | poor |
| measures IOP | tonometry |
| examines anterior chamber angle | gonioscopy |
| evaluates peripheral vision fields | perimetry |
| measures corneal thickness | pachymetry |
| when is IOP highest throughout the day? lowest? | AM; 6:00pm |
| if you have a thick cornea you may get a false what? | high IOP |
| chronic, slow progression, 90-95% of all primary glaucomas, patients >50, assymptomatic | open-angle glaucoma |
| normal cup-to-disc ratio | 0.5 |
| as "cup" gets larger what is indicated? | more cells are dead which leads to more vision loss |
| patients with inherited shallow anterior chambers, sudden increase in IOP (>40mmHg), medical emergency | closed angle |
| initial target IOP reduction | 30% |
| usually during surgery in glaucoma patients, what will they receive to keep the IOP down? | osmotic agent (IV mannitol or PO glycerin) |
| what drug can cause a precipitant to form with thimerisol? | lantoprost (Prostaglandin analog) |
| what drug is reserved for patients with aphakia/psuedophakia? | cholinesterase inhibitors (echothiphate) |
| 3 types of dementias | alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia |
| most common type of dementia, has a slow and gradual onset | alzheimer's |
| type of dementia associated with heart disease, HTN, clots, stroke, and has a quick onset | vascular dementia |
| second most common type of dementia | lewy body type |
| survival after onset of dementia | average = 8 years |
| pathophysiology in dementia, cell death occurs where? there is a loss of what enzyme? | hippocampus; acetyltransferase |
| where do dementia drugs work? | synapse (useful earlier) |
| 3 abnormal proteins associated with alz. dementia? what do they cause? | apolipoprotein, tau protein, & beta amyloid protein; neurofibrillary tangles & neuritic plaques |
| what protein is associated with alzheimer's type dementia before age 65 | apoE4 |
| proteins in the blood that serve as a carrier of cholesterol and has been discovered in the brains of AD patients | apolipoproteins |
| apoE4 causes degeneration of what protein that then causes neurofibrillary tangles? | tau protein |
| normally a soluble protein until it combines with apoE4, then it forms plaque formation | beta amyloid protein |
| delicate thread that runs in thru the cytoplasm of a nerve cell and extends into the axon and dendrite | neurofibril |
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templets
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