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PSY 220 Ch 4
Ethics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A set of guidelines to assist the researcher in conducting ethical research. | Research Ethics |
| Fabricating, falsifying, or plagarizing the proposing, performing, reviewing, or reporting of research results. | Research misconduct |
| The investigator's conflict in weighing the potential cost to the participant against the potenial gain to be accrued from the research project. | Ethical dilemma |
| Doing good | Beneficence |
| Doing no harm | Nomaleficence |
| Agreement from a minor to participate in research after receiving an age-appropriate explanation of the study. | Assent |
| Verbally agreeing and signing a form consenting to participate in research. | Active consent |
| Consent is received from a parent or guardian by not returning the consent form. | Passive consent |
| Deliberately misleading research participants by giving them false information. | Active deception |
| Withholding information from the research participants by not giving them all the details of the experiment. | Passive deception |
| A postexperimental discussion or interview about the details of the study, including an explanation for the use of any deception. | Debriefing |
| Debriefing the participants about any deception that was used in the experiment. | Dehoaxing |
| Eliminating any undesirable influence that the experiment might have had on the participant. | Desensitizing |
| Having control of others access to information about you. | Privacy |
| Keeping the identity of the research participant unknown. | Anonymity |
| Not revealing information obtained from a research participant to anyone outside the research group. | Confidentiality |
| Using work produced by someone else and calling it one's own. | Plagarism |
| Improving the laboratory conditions in which animals live and reducing the number of animals used in research. | Animal welfare |
| The belief that animals have rights similar to humans and should not be used in research. | Animal rights |
| What are the three areas of ethical concern and what is the main goal of each? | 1. Relationship between society and science - research funds 2. Professional Issues - eliminate research misconduct 3. Treatment of Research Participants - beneficience & nomaleficience |
| What 7 information must be presented in research protocal to the IRB? | 1. Purpose of research 2. Background for ressearch 3. Participant population 4. Design & Methodology of Experiment 5. Incentives 6. Risks & Benefits to pcpt precautions 7. Privacy & Confidentiality of data |
| In a decision plane model, what is being inversely related with the diagonal of indecicion? | Benefit of doing vs. Cost of doing |
| If something had a high cost but low benefit, should it be done? If it had a low cost but high benefit, should it be done? | No; yes |
| What was the Tuskegee experiment an example of? | Unethical experimentation conducted within the medical field. |
| What are the five basic moral principles? | 1. Respect for autonomy 2. Beneficience and Nomaleficience 3. Justice 4. Trust 5. Fidelity and scientific integrity |
| What are the three categories of review received from the IRB? Describe. | 1. Exempt studies - normal educational practices, no risk, existing data (Table 4.2 pg. 108) 2. Expedited review - data for nonresearch; collection of data voice, video, recordings for research 3. Review by full IRB - more than minimal risk |
| What are the 6 ethical issues in research? | 1. Institutional approval 2. Informed consent 3. Deception 4. Debriefing 5. Coercion and Freedom to decline pctpion 6. Confidentiality, Anonymity, and Privacy |
| What is the difference between active and passive consent. Which is the best? | Active consent is when the person verbally agrees and signs a form. Passive consent is when consent is received if the form is not returned. Active consent is the best. |
| What are the types of deception, explain; and what must be done after the researcher has decieved the patient? | Active deception - deliberately misleading with false information passive deception - withholding information Researcher must debrief which includes dehoaxing and desensitizing afterwards. |
| What three ways can you debrief for pcpts over the Internet? | 1. Provide e-mail to send debriefing statement 2. Provide "leave the study" page that will direct to debriefing page 3. Program a debriefing page should the pcpt terminate prior to completion of Internet study |
| What are the two ethical issues in preparing the research report and how can they be solved? | 1. Authorship - give credit where due. Main contributer first and least, last. 2. Plagarism - cite sources and use quotations if needed |
| What act enforced by the Department of Agriculture, governs the care and use of research animals and conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities? | Animal Welfare Act |
| What is the difference between Animal rights and Animal welfare? | Animal rights - the rights of animals. Animal welfare - improving lab conditions and reducing numbers of animals needed in research. |
| What 7 things are considered in Animal research? | 1. Justification of research 2. Personnel 3. Care and Housing of animals 4. Acquisition of Animals 5. Experimental procedures 6. Field research 7. Educational use of animals |
| What group reviews any research procedures used on animals? | IACUC |
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