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PS Ch. 17 Review
DHS PS CH 17 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest piece of matter that still has the properies of the element called? | atoms |
| What has an electrical charge of 1+? | protons |
| What part of the atom has no charge called? | neutrons |
| What has an electrical charge of 1-? | electrons |
| Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom? | nucleus |
| Where are electrons located in an atom? | surround the nucleus |
| Protons and neutrona are made up of smaller particles called? | quarks |
| How many quarks are known to be in extistence? | 6 |
| What is the sixth quark called? | top quark |
| What do scientists use to represent atoms? | scaled models |
| What did early models of atoms use to represent atoms? | solid sphere |
| What is the name of the model that shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus of prontons and neutrons? | electron cloud |
| What is the most useful method for describing atoms? | constructing a model |
| An atom that contains 6 positive charges and 6 negative charges has what kind of charge? | no net |
| Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called? | atoms |
| Democritus believed that the universe was made of what two things? | empty space and atoms |
| Atoms consist of a positively charged center called a? | nucleus |
| The negatively charged particles outside the nucleus of an atom are called? | electrons |
| What is the name of the model of the atom that reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron? | electron cloud model |
| Aristotle believed that matter was? | uniform throughout |
| The discrovy of the sixth quark was accomplished by? | studying proton collisions |
| Which atomic particle is positively charged? | proton |
| What is mostly composed of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus? | atomic mass |
| What is the unit of measurement for atomic particles that is one-twelth the mass of a carbon atom contaiing six protons and six neutrons called? | atomic mass unit (amu) |
| The number of protons in an atom is called the? | atomic number |
| What do we call the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom? | mass number |
| When atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons we call this an? | isotope |
| Different isotopes have what kind of properties? | different |
| How do you find the number of neutrons? | mass number - atomic number |
| How do you identify an isotope? | Look at the name of the element followed by the mass number |
| What is the weighted-average mass of an element's isotopes called? | average atomic mass |
| The average atomic mass is closest to its most? | abundant isotope |
| Where does the electron cloud model of an atom place protons, neutrons, and electrons? | protons and neutrons are in a center nucleus surround by electrons traveling in specific energy levels |
| How do atomic number and mass number differ? | atomic number = the number of protons in an atom; mass number = the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| When calculating the mass of an atom, the mass of an electron is? | negligible (not significant) |
| The mass of a proton is measured in? | atomic mass units |
| What are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons called? | isotopes |
| What is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons called? | mass number |
| How do you find the atomic mass of an element? | the number of protons + the number of neutrons of an atom |
| An isotope of Boron will have a different number of? | neutrons |
| The atomic number of an element is also the number of? | protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
| How are elements organized on the periodic table? | by increasing atomic number |
| Who devised the first periodic table based on atomic mass? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| How was Mendeleev's periodic table organized? | by increasing atomic mass and organized and grouped by similar chemical properties. |
| Who arranged the elements by atomic number rather than atomic mass? | Henry G. J. Moseley |
| How are the vertical colums in the periodic table arranged? | in groups of elements with similar properties |
| Elements in the same group have the same? | number of electrons in their outer energy level |
| The seven energy levels can have a maximum number of? | electrons |
| How many electrons can energy level one contain? | no more than 2 |
| How mane electrons can energy level two contain? | no more than 8 |
| What do we use the element symbol and dots to represent outer energy level electrons? | electron dot diagrams |
| What are the horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing number of protons and electrons called? | periods |
| How are the elements calssified? | metals, nonmetals, or metalloids |
| What are the building blocks of other naturally occurring elements? | hydrogen and helium |
| What spreads heavier elements througout the universe? | supernovas |
| What do elements in the same group have in common? | the same number of elelctrons in the outer energy level |
| Each inner energy level of an atom has a muximum nuber of what that it can hold? | electrons |
| What is the method of representing atoms and the electrons in their outer energy levels called? | electron dot diagram |
| Elements belonging to the same _________ will have similar properties. | group |
| What are the three general groups of elements? | metals, metalloids, and nonmetals |
| What do we call the chart created by chemists to organize the elements according to repeated changes on properties? | periodic table |
| The name of every element can be abbreviated using a ______? | chemical symbol |
| Who was credited with organizing the very first periodic table? | Mendeleev |
| Where on the periodic table are the metals located? | left side |
| All alements in Group 1 would have how many dots in their electron dot diagram? | one |
| A capital letter or a combination of a captial letter and a small letter that is used to represent an element is called? | chemical symbol |
| The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table are called? | periods |
| An average of the masses of all the isotopes that occur in nature for an element is the? | average atomic mass |
| The vertical columns of elements on the periodic table are called? | groups or families |
| Elements in the middle of the periodic table, groups 3-12, are called the? | transition metals |
| The number of protons in an atom is the? | atomic number |
| Protons and neutrons can be subdivided into this by colliding them? | quarks |
| the center of an atom where proton and neutrons are located is the? | nucleus |
| A total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom is the? | mass number |
| Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons are? | isotopes |
| Elements that are found on the left side of the periodic table are? | metals |
| Elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals are called? | metalloids |
| The particles that move about the nucleus and have a negative charge are? | electrons |
| The region around the nucleus occupied by electrons is a? | electron cloud |
| A chart that shows the classification of elements is called the? | periodic table |
| An atoms is comprised of waht three components? | proton, neutron, and electron |
| What has a charge of +1? | proton |
| What is the smallest part of an element that retains all the properties of the element? | atoms |
| According to the modern conept of the atom, what is located in the nucleus of an atom? | protons and neutrons |
| Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of _______ that it can hold. | electrons |
| Dot diagrams are used to represent? | outer level electrons |
| Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are? | quarks |
| What does a chemical symbol represent? | name of an element |
| Where at on the peroidic table would you find the lightest elements? | top left |
| Where at on the periodic table would you find the heaviest elements? | bottom right |
| If you change the number of protons in an atom, you change the? | element |
| Elements from the same group/family have what in common? | the same number of valence electrons |
| Which elements have similar properties? | elements from the same group or family |
| What method would be most useful for describing atoms? | constructing a model |
| Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called? | quarks |
| Atoms consist of a positively charge center called a? | nucleus |
| An isotope of Carbon would have a different number of? | neutrons |
| The number of neutrons plus protons is called? | mass number |
| What are the 6 quarks names? | Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Bottom, Top |
| Name the scientist that offered proof that Democritus was correct? | John Dalton |
| What did Aristotle believe? | That matter was uniform throughout and was not composed of smaller particles |
| How many atoms stacked one on top of another would it take to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil? | 24,400 |
| What is the name of the 1st group? | Alkali metals |
| What is the name of the 2nd group? | Alkaline Earth metals |
| What is the name of the 3rd - 12th groups? | Transition metals |
| What is the name of the 13th group? | Boron group |
| what is the name of the 14th group? | Carbon group |
| What is the name of the 15th group? | Nitrogen group |
| What is the name of the 16th group? | Oxygen group |
| What is the name of the 17th group? | Halogen group |
| What is the name of the 18th group? | Noble Gases group |
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basmith
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