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TEST 2 CHAPTER 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cephalocaudal trend | head to toe a pattern of growth occurring in the prenatal period in which the head develops more rapidly than the rest of the body |
| Proximodistal trend | pattern of growth that proceeds from the center of the body outward. Example – arms and legs grow before hands and feet. |
| Brian Development | At birth, the brain is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure, and it develops at an astounding pace throughout infancy and toddlerhood. |
| Neurons | nerve cells that store and transmit information |
| Synapses | gaps between neurons where fibers from neurons come close together but don’t touch |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals released by neurons to send messages to each other |
| Synaptic pruning | Nerve patterns that havent been used dissapear |
| Glial cells | form half of the brain’s volume provide support and protection for neurons; myelination |
| Myelination | coating of neural fibers with myelin |
| Myelin | insulating fatty sheath that improves the efficience of message transfer |
| Cerebral Cortex | surrounds the brain 1. The largest, most complex part of the human brain, and the last brain structure to stop growing |
| Frontal lobe | planning; last to develop- impulse |
| Parietal lobe | sensory |
| Temporal lobe | auditory |
| Occipital lobe | visual |
| Lateralization | specialization of 2 hemispheres |
| Left Brian | info, sensory, analytical, controls right of body |
| Right Brian | emotions, creativity, puts things together, controls left side of body; negative emotions |
| Brain plasticity | brain is still moldable- able to change if head injury and part is damaged you can rewire your brain to take over injured part |
| Heredity | biggest factor of height and weight |
| Nutrition | essential first 2 years because brain and body are growing so rapidly |
| Malnutrition | can effect emotional development 1/3 of worlds nutrition suffer from malnutrition before age 5, including 9 percent who suffer from two severe dietary diseases |
| Non-organic failure to thrive | nutrition and physically are ok but not grwothing- no caregiver relationship If not corrected in infancy, they will remain small and have lasting cognitive and emotional problems |
| Most sensitive period in brain | 0-3 months |
| Experience expectant growth | development that will not happen unless a particular experience occurs during its critical period; using 2 eyes |
| Experience dependent growth | additional growth is a result of specific enviroment or learning |
| Marasmus | 1st year- low diet in essential nutrition; causes physical and learning problems |
| Kwashiorkor | big belly- low protein diet; causes growth and weight problems |
| Food insecurity | not getting nutrition all the time |
| Mirror neurons | allow newborns to imitate; powerful way to learn |
| Gross | 1st- large motor skills- crawling, standing and walking |
| Fine | smaller muscles- reaching and grasping |
| Dynamic systems theory of motor development | mastery of motor skills |
| New skills are a joint product of four factors | 1. Central nervous system development 2.The body’s movement capacities (gross-motor & fine-motor skills) 3.The child’s goals 4.Environmental supports for the skill |
| Hearing develops | Between 4 – 7 months |
Created by:
aaaashley
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