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What percentage of the population over age twelve uses tobacco?
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What percentage of the population over the age of twelve uses alcohol?
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Drug Test #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of the population over age twelve uses tobacco? | About 28% |
| What percentage of the population over the age of twelve uses alcohol? | About 52% |
| True or False. There is a correlation between heavy drinking and the number of domestic violence events. | True. |
| About what percentage of the inmates/prisoners committed their current offense to obtain money for drugs? | About 18% |
| What percentage of the population over age twelve used an illicit drug in the past month? | About 9% |
| What is the most commonly used illicit drug? | Marijuana |
| What is mead? | A fermented beverage made from honey and water made in Ancient Greece. |
| What was known as the water of life? | wine |
| Which amendment prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages? Which act enforced the amendment? | 18th, Volstead Act |
| First federal legislation regarding cocaine that required manufacturers to label product contents? | Pure Food and Drug Act. |
| What was the Harrison Narcotics Act? | In 1914, it imposed taxes on products containing cocaine. It was aimed to curb drug abuse |
| What is freebase cocaine? | process that produces a pure, smokable cocaine. It is a dangerous process. |
| Crack cocaine | not as dangerous to make as freebase. Cheaper and smokable. |
| How was heroin discovered? | by acetylation of morphine |
| When did marijuana use increase? | During prohibition |
| What was the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act? | Passed in 1970. It had a part called the Controlled Substance Act which had a scheduling system for drugs. |
| Opium comes from which plant? | Poppy |
| What drug comes from opium? | Morphine and eventually heroin. Oxycodone too! |
| What was known as the soldier's disease? | addicted soldiers after the civil war. It was used to treat pain and dysentery. |
| Meth is produced in that forms? | pills, powders, or chunky crystals known as ice. The crystal form is nicknamed crystal meth. |
| What act allows natives the rights to use peyote in religious services? | American Religious Freedom Act |
| What is one of the newer hallucinogens? | MDMA or ecstacy |
| What is one of the most addictive drugs on the market? | Nicotine |
| How much smoking of nicotine do you need to do to start developing a tolerance? | A few hours |
| What is mate? | It is a caffeine drink made from the ilex plant |
| What is casinna? | tea plant found in the US used as a caffeine beverage |
| What do researchers report as an overdose level of caffeine? | 1 gram. Average cup of coffee has 85 to 100 milligrams. |
| Estimated societal costs affect which category the most? | Lost potential productivity |
| What is hepatitis? | liver-damaging viruses that are spread through exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B and C (most common in US). |
| Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C? | no |
| What is tolerance? | that a higher dosage of the drug is needed to produce the same level of effect over a period of time. |
| What is a drug? | any nonfood substance whose chemical or physical nature significantly alters structure, function, or perception of a living organism. Legality has no bearing on the definition. |
| What are instrumental drugs? | Drugs used to reduce anxiety, induce sleep, stay awake, and so on. |
| What are the two types of tolerance? | Metabolic tolerance- liver is breaking down the chemical. Over time it metabolizes faster and eliminates it from the body. Pharmacodynamic tolerance- central nervous system increasing insensitivity to a chemical |
| What is withdrawal? | specific set of symptoms that occur when use of a drug is discontinued. |
| What is motivational interviewing? | process to elicit change int he client through skillful questioning |
| What is the difference academically between a substance abuse counselor and a mental health counselor? | Substance abuse counselor only needs a few specialized courses, where a mental health counselor needs a master's degree. |
| Justice | fairness |
| Beneficence | promote mental health and wellness |
| Nonmaleficence | do no harm |
| Autonomy | foster self-determination |
| Fidelity | trust |
| Veracity | truthfulness and honesty |
| What is one important commonality that exists in all five highlighted ethical codes? | confidentiality and client rights |
| Which laws protect the confidentiality of substance abuse clients? | 42 CFR and HIPAA |
| What did the Tarasoff court decision put into place? | Some limitations to confidentiality. Duty to protect a third party, harm to self, elder or child abuse, valid court order, diseases (some states). |
| When should a client be made aware of the federal confidentiality requirements of CFR 42? | at the time of admission or when the client is capable to rational communication |
| What is the purpose of HIPAA? | To protect individually identifiable health information while increasing the flow of information between health care providers, health plans, and health care clearinghouses. |
| HIPPA does not apply to what two things? | health information contained in employer records or in educational records. |
| In a group setting, are group members legally bound to confidentiality? | No! |
| Can a group member actually be made to testify against another group member? | Yes |
| What was the Cox vs. Miller case about? | Man admitted to killing two people while under the influence. Group members had to testify. |
| What does FERPA stand for? | Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act |
| Generally, parents have legal authority over their minor children. True or False. | True. FERPA, IDEA, and PPRA ensure parental authority, whereas CFR42 and HIPAA restrict information that can be shared with parents. |
| Do school counselors need consent from parents to work with their child? | No, just the minor's assent. It is always better to have both. |
| What does FERPA give parents the right to do? | inspect their child's school records, but once the child turns 18 the right is transferred to the child. |
| Are school counselors notes considered school records? | Yes, once anyone other than the counselor knows of their existence. |
| What is the purpose the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)? | Intended to give students with disabilities a free appropriate public education with accommodations in the least restrictive environment. It now includes private schools too. |
| What is the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment of 1994 (PPRA)? | states that information collected from students through surveys, analyses, or evaluations funded by the US Department of Education must be available for parental inspection. |
| PPRA also states that state and local entities need to receive parental consent prior to asking students _____________? | political affiliation, mental and psychological problems, sexual behaviors, illegal or incriminating behavior, clinical assessments, privileged information, religious practices, income |
| Addiction is a disease that affects both the brain and _______________. | behavior |
| Drug users have a tendency to _______________ rather than _________. | inhale, inject. |
| Corpus callosum | serves as the communication vehicle between the left and right hemispheres. |
| The left side of the brain controls the __________ side of the body. The right side of the brain controls the __________ side of the body. | Right, left |
| The left hemisphere is concerned with? | thinking and intellectual functions such as logic, verbal ability, and language. |
| The right hemisphere is concerned with? | creative side involved with spacial relationships, nonverbal info, and communicating emotion. |
| The left hemisphere uses ___________ while the right hemisphere uses _______________. | words, pictures |
| The brain consists of three basic parts: | hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain |
| Which part of the brain does substance abuse most often interact with? | forebrain |
| The cortex is located in which part of the brain? | forebrain |
| What kinds of activities take place in the cortex? | thought, perception, motor function, sensory data processing, and vision. |
| What does the diencephalon include? | the thalamus and hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus regulates more basic primitive functions such as? | hormonal activity, thirst, hunger, temperature, sex drive, and sleep. |
| What is the name of the specialized nerve cells in the limbic system that create the feeling of pleasure? | nucleus accumbens |
| What does the blood-brain barrier do? | acts to keep certain substances in the blood away from brain cells. |
| What is plasticity? | Ability of brain cells to remember |
| What is excitotoxicity? | repeated exposure to drugs causes damage and kills NMDA neurons which alters plasticity. |
| Drugs with low potential for abuse or currently accepted medical use. Schedule rating? | Schedule V |
| Drugs with high potential for abuse and not currently acceptable for medical use. Schedule rating? | Schedule I |
| Examples of depressants? | ethanol, barbiturates, methaqualone, meprobamate, and benzodiazepines |
| Why are CNS (central nervous system) depressants sometimes called top-down depressants? | Because their action begins in the cerebral cortex and works its way down to the core of the brain. |
| What is cross-tolerance? | Ability of one classification of drugs to produce tolerance to effects of a different class of drugs. |
| What is potentiation? | Ability of the combined action of some drugs used together to be greater than the sum of the effects of the drug being used alone. |
| Alcohol is considered a _____________________. | depressant |
| What is the most used psychoactive drug in existence? | alcohol |
| What is considered legal intoxication in most states? | .08 which is about three standard drinks within 1 hour |
| What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? | brain syndrome that is the result of thiamin deficiency from drinking too much. |
| Alcohol withdrawal symptoms? | hyperarousal, alcoholic hallucinations, seizures, and delirium tremens |
| Why do women reach higher level of blood alcohol levels from consuming the same amount as men? | Women have a lower body water content than men. Also women have less gastric alcohol dehrdogenase then men and can't metabolize in the same way. |
| What is a teratogenic agent? | something that produces defects in utero |
| Who is the typical long-term user of benzos? | female over 50 years old with multiple chronic health problems. |
| What are benzodiazepines used for? | anxiety and sleep, to reduce the symptoms of withdrawal from other drugs, and to enhance the effects of heroin, alcohol, and marijuana. |
| Barbiturates are either taken orally or ______________ to produce the intoxication similar to _______________. | injected, alcohol |
| Barbiturates have become less popular because of _________________ | benzodiazepines |
| What is GHB? | Club drug, depressant, popular among the young, and used as a date rape drug. |
| What is the narcotic triad? | overdoses can be detected by three things: coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils. |
| Examples of stimulants. | Cocaine, amphetamine, prescription weight-reducing products, amphetamine like drugs such as Riatalin, nicotine, and caffeine. |
| What have stimulants traditionally been used for? | asthma, obesity, neurological disorders, alertness, attention, and energy. |
| Cocaine is listed as a Schedule ______ drug? | 2 |
| Cocaine use directly affects the ______________ muscle. | heart |
| What form of cocaine use has the highest addictive potential? | smoking crack |
| Amphetamines include prescription drugs such as _________________ | Adderall, Ritalin, and Concerta. All stimulants. Schedule 2 drug. |
| What is the most potent form of amphetamine? | Methamphetamine. Schedule 2 |
| Nicotine's Schudule Number? | Does not have one. |
| What is the leading cause of preventable death in the US? | Nicotine use |
| Nicotine is both a _______________ and a __________________ to the central nervous system. | stimulant and sedative |
| What is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent in the world? | Caffeine |
| Caffeinism? | chronic overuse of caffeine |
| What is the most widely abused illicit drug in the US? | Marijuana |
| What is Marijuana on the Schedule of Substances? | Schedule 1 |
| Most hallucinogens contain nitrogen and have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransmitters such as ____________ | serotonin |
| What are the four most common hallucinogens? | LSD, peyote, psilocybin, and PCP |
| LSD is between 100 and __________ times more powerful than natural hallucinogens. | 1,000 |
| LDS is a Schedule ___ drug. | 1 |
| There is no potential for physical dependency on LSD. True or False. | True |
| PCP, phencyclindine, is a ___________________ drug. | Hallucinogenic |
| PCP is a Schedule _____ drug. | 1 |
| Staying high on PCP may last ___ to ___ days. | 2 to 3 |
| Ketamine is a Schedule ___ drug. | 3 |
| Ecstasy (MDMA) is a club drug that creates ____________________. | Empathogenesis |
| What is empathogenesis? | Ability to open up, feel affection and connectiveness to everyone around them |
| Ecstasy has both stimulant and __________________ effects. | hallucinogenic |
| MDMA use can create problems with ________ and ___________. | learning and memory. |
| Are inhalants on the Schedule list? | No |
| Anabolic steroids are listed as a Schedule ___ drug | 3 |
| What types of personalities are more associated with anabolic steroid use? | histronic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline |
| Which racial/ethnic group has the lowest rates of substance abuse? | Asians |
| In the moral theory, those who couldn't hold their liquor were considered ________________ ___________________. | morally corrupt |
| Why do people use according to the moral theory? | Social influences and relief from a negative emotional state. |
| What is underregulation? (moral theory) | failure to establish standards of behavior or conflicts of standards |
| What is misregualtion? (moral theory) | misdirected attempts to self-regulate behavior |
| What do people continue using according to the moral theory? | perceived rewards- pain reduction, increased energy |
| According to moral theory, how can the addict recover? | Develop alternative rewards |
| Moral theorists believe that addiction can be ________________. | Cured |
| AA is associated with which theory of use? | Disease theory |
| What is the Jellinek curve? | A chart showing the progression of alcoholism as a disease. |
| Why do people drink according to the disease theory? | This theory does not address why. Disease lies dormant until the first use. |
| What are the phases of Jellinek's model? | Pre-alcoholic stage, prodromal phase (relieve pain), crucial phase, chronic phase |
| According to the disease theory, an alcoholic or addict is never cured, rather in ___________________ | remission or recovering |
| In the disease model, relapse is seen as a _______________ and part of the _______________ ___________________. | failure, recovery process |
| What is MM or Modern Management? | group founded in 1994 that is aimed at harm-reduction to help drinkers moderate their consumption rather than abstain. |
| What is the prominent theory for diagnosing substance disorders? | The disease theory |
| Genetic theory has found two typologies of alcoholics. What are they? | Type A and Type B |
| Describe Type A alcoholics. | later onset, fewer childhood risk factors, less severe dependence, fewer alcohol-related problems, and less psychopathological dysfunction |
| Describe Type B alcoholics. | Childhood risk factors, familial alcoholism, early onset, greater severity of dependence, polydrug use,more life stress, and greater psychopathological dysfunction |
| What is Type 1 alcoholism? | transmitted cross-gender. Less criminal behavior, less dependent personalities, less violent, and later onset (usually after 25) |
| What is Type 2 alcoholism? | transmitted to same gender. More violent behavior, have signs of compulsive drinking, more dependent personality traits. |
| Genetic factors contribute between ___ and __ % of the variance of risk for alcoholism. Illicit drug percentage? | 50 to 60, 45% to 79% |
| In the genetic theory, initial alcohol use is more likely ____________________ and occur with ________________ use and marijuana. | environmental, tobacco |
| Which factor of the Big Five would be a risk factor for ATOD use? | Neuroticism |
| The genetic theory considers recovery a _____________. | process |
| According to the behavioral theory, what are the three modes of behavioral control that are important for understanding alcohol addiction? | stimulus-response (Pavlov), repeat of stimulation that leads to increased activity(goal-directed), and continued behavior regardless of consequences (habit) |
| What are the three ways to change the behavior of an addict according to the behavioral theory? | 1. present stimulus until negative effect results 2. introduce stimulus selectively until they don't respond in habitual manner 3. replace habit with a new habit (switching addictions) |
| According to behavioral theory, what three triggers can cause a relapse? | drinking a small amount of alcohol, exposure to alcohol-related cues, and stress |
| Which groups have the highest rates for substance abuse? | Whites and Native Americans |
| What are the five groups of alcoholics in the five-cluster model? | 1. young adult 2. functional 3. intermediate familial 4. young antisocial 5. chronic severe |
| What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and drug use? | Adolescents with lower SES and adults with high SES are more likely to engage in substance abuse |
| What is generational forgetting as applied to drug use? | involves the fading use of current drugs and reintroduction of older drugs |
| What is the key predictor of substance abuse for HIspanics? | acculturation |
| What parenting styles are related to more alcohol related problems? | permissive and authoritarian. |
| How is the Integral Quadrant Model different from a 12-step model? | Based on empowerment as opposed to powerlessness, it identifies uniqueness of individuals as opposed to similarities, cross-cultural, cross-cultural spirituality opposed to Christianity, and harm reduction rather than abstinence. |
Created by:
carriefredricksen