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General Anatomy

Cosmetology

Term	Definition
-ology	Word ending meaning 'study of'.
abductor digiti minimi	Muscle that separates the fingers and the toes.
abductor hallicus	Muscle that moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing.
abductors	Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.
adductors	Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.
adipose tissues	Technical term for fat; gives smoothness and contour to the body.
adrenal glands	Glands of the endocrine system that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight or flight response.
anabolism	Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
anatomy	Study of human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; the science of the structure of organisms or their parts.
angular artery	Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.
anterior auricular artery	Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
anterior tibial artery	One of the popliteal arteries that supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery continues to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.
aorta	The largest artery in the body.
arteries	Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.
arterioles	Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
atrium	Upper, thin-walled chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium and a left atrium
auricularis anterior	Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward.
auricularis posterior	Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
auricularis superior	Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
auriculotemporal nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
autonomic nervous system	Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.
axon	The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
axon terminal	The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
belly	Middle part of the muscle.
bicep	Muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow.
blood	Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
blood vessels	Tube-like structures that include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
body systems	Also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems.
brain	Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue and controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense, and feel.
buccal nerve	Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
buccinator muscle	Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
capillaries	Tiny thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
cardiac muscle	The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
carpus	Also known as wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
catabolism	The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones. This process releases energy that has been stored.
cell membrane	Cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
cells	Basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings.
central nervous system	Abbreviated CNS; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
centrioles	Structures in a cell near the nucleus that move to each side during the mitosis process to help divide the cell.
cervical cutaneous nerve	Cervical nerve located at the side of the neck; affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
cervical nerves	Branches of the seventh cranial nerve; originate at the spinal cord and affect the side of the neck and platysma muscle.
cervical vertebrae	The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
circulatory system	Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; body system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
clavicle	Also known as the collarbone; bone that joins the sternum and scapula.
common carotid arteries	Main arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck.
common peroneal nerve	A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches.
connective tissue	Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat.
corrugator muscle	Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
cranium	An oval, bony case that protects the brain.
cytoplasm	The protoplasm of a cell, except for the protoplasm in the nucleus, that surrounds the nucleus; the watery fluid that cells need for growth reproduction and self repair.
deep peroneal nerve	Also known as anterior tibial nerve; extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes.
deltoid	Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
dendrites	Tree-like branching of nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell; carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.
depressor labii inferioris muscle	Also known as quadratus labii inferioris muscle; muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as in expressing sarcasm.
diaphragm	Muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.
digestive enzymes	Chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble (capable of being dissolved) form that can be used by the body.
digestive system	Also known as gastrointestinal system; body system that is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.
digital nerve	Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers.
dorsal nerve	Also known as dorsal cutaneous nerve; a nerve that extends up from the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it becomes the superficial peroneal nerve.
dorsalis pedis artery	Artery that supplies blood to the foot.
eleventh cranial nerve	Also known as accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles.
endocrine glands	Also known as ductless glands; glands such as the thyroid and pituitary gland that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine system	Body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
epicranial aponeurosis	Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
epicranius	Also known as occipitofrontalis; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis.
epithelial tissue	Protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.
ethmoid bone	Light spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.
excretory system	Body system that consists of a group of organs, including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs, that are responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste matter.
exhalation	Breathing outward; expelling carbon dioxide (collected from the blood) from the lungs.
exocrine glands	Also known as duct glands; produce a substance that travels through small tube-like ducts; sweat glands and oil glands of the skin belong to this group.
extensor digitorum longus	Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes.
extensor hallucis longus	Muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot.
extensors	Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.
external carotid artery	Artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head.
external jugular vein	Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.
eyes	Body organs that control the body's vision.
facial artery	Also known as external maxillary artery; branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
facial skeleton	Framework of the face composed of 14 bones.
femur	Heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee.
fibula	Smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The fibula may be visualized as a bump on the little toe side of the ankle.
fifth cranial nerve	Also known as the trifacial or tigeminal nerve; the chief sensory nerve of the face that serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
flexor	Extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist.
flexor digiti minimi	Muscle that moves the little toe.
flexor digitorum brevis	Muscle that moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing.
frontal artery	Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.
frontal bone	Bone that forms the forehead.
frontalis	Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
gastrocnemius	Muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down.
glands	Organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.
greater auricular nerve	Cervical nerve that is located at the side of the neck; affects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland.
greater occipital nerve	Cervical nerve that is located in the back of the head; affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.
heart	Muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
hemoglobin	Complex iron protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen; gives blood color.
histology	Also known as microscopic anatomy; the study of tiny structures found in living tissue.
hormones	Secretions, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen, that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body. Hormones influence the welfare of the entire body.
humerus	Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
hyoid bone	U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.
inferior labial artery	Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the lower lip.
infraorbital artery	Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
infraorbital nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.
infratrochlear nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose.
inhalation	Breathing in through the nose or mouth.
insertion	The movable part of the muscle that is farthest from the skeleton.
integumentary system	Body system that consists of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails; serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature.
internal carotid artery	Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
internal jugular vein	Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.
interstitial fluid	Blood plasma found in the spaces between tissue cells.
intestines	Body organ that digests food, along with the stomach.
joint	Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
kidneys	Body organs that excrete water and waste products.
lacrimal bones	Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets).
latissimus dorsi	Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.
levator anguli oris muscle	Also known as caninus muscle; muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.
levator labii superioris muscle	Also known as quadratus labii superioris muscle; muscle surrounding the upper lip; elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
liver	Body organ that removes waste created by digestion.
lungs	Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle; organs of respiration.
lymph	Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces (lymphatics) of the body. Lymph helps carry wastes and impurities away from the cells before it is routed back to the circulatory system.
lymph capillaries	Blind-end tubes that are the origin of lymphatic vessels.
lymph nodes	Gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels; filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection.
lymphatic/immune system	Body system that consists of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels.
mandible	Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.
mandibular nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.
marginal mandibular nerve	Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
masseter	Muscles that coordinate with the temporalis and pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as chewing muscles.
maxillae	Bones of the upper jaw.
maxillary nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the upper part of the face.
median nerve	Sensory-motor nerve that is smaller than the ulner and radial nerves and that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.
mental nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.
mentalis muscle	Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the the skin of the chin.
metabolism	Chemical processes that takes place in living organisms, through which the cells are nourished and carry out their activities; metabolism has two phases: anabolism and catabolism
metacarpus	Bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carps and phalanges
metatarsal	One of three subdivisions of the foot; long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and phalanges.
middle temporal artery	Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the temples.
mitosis	Usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
mitral valve	Also known as bicuspid valve; the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.
motor nerves	Also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.
muscle tissue	Tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.
muscular system	Body system that covers, shapes, and holds the skeleton system in place; muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body.
myology	Study of the nature, structure, function and diseases of the muscles.
nasal bones	Bones that form the bridge of the nose.
nasal nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the point and lower side of the nose.
nerve tissue	Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions.
nerves	Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.
nervous system	Body system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.
neurology	Scientific of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system.
neuron	Also kown as nerve cell; primary structural unit of the nervous system, consists of the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and axon.
nonstriated muscles	Also known as smooth muscles; these muscles are involintary and function automatically without conscious will.
nucleus	Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.
occipital artery	Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.
occipital bone	Hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape.
occipitalis	Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward.
opthalmic nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
orbicularis oculi muscle	Ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes.
orbicularis oris muscle	Flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
organs	Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.
origin	Part of the muscle that does not move; attached closest to the skeleton.
os	Bone.
osteology	The study of anatomy, structure, and function of the bones.
ovaries	Female sexual glands of the endocrine system that function in reproduction, as well as determining female sexual characteristics.
pancreas	Gland of the endocrine system that secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
parathyroid glands	Glands of the endocrine system that regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.
parietal artery	Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the side and crown of the head.
parietal bones	Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.
patella	Also known as accessory bone or kneecap; forms the kneecap joint.
pectoralis major	Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
pectoralis minor	Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
pericardium	Double-layered membranous sac enclosing the heart; made of epithelial tissue.
peripheral nervous system	Abbreviated PNS; system of nerves that connects the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; it has both sensory and motor nerves.
peroneus brevis	Muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula; bends the foot down and out.
peroneus longus	Muscle that covers the outer side of the calf; inverts the foot and turns it outward.
phalanges	Also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; one of the three subdivisions of the foot. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and metatarsal.
physiology	Study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures.
pineal gland	Endocrine system gland that plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.
pituitary gland	It affects almost every physiologic process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast-milk production, sexual organ functions in both women and men, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy
plasma	Fluid part of the blood in which the red and white blood cells and platelets flow.
platelets	Contribute to the blood clotting process which stops bleeding; platelets are much smaller than red blood cells.
platysma muscle	Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
popliteal artery	Artery that supplies blood to the foot; divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery.
posterior auricular artery	Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear.
posterior auricular nerve	Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.
posterior tibial artery	One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the anterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the ankle and the back of the lower leg.
procerus muscle	Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.
pronator	Muscle that turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.
protoplasm	Colorless jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
pulmonary circulation	The system that sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified, then back to the heart again.
radial artery	Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand; supplies blood to the muscles of the skin, hands, fingers, wrist, elbow, and forearm.
radial nerve	Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.
radius	Smaller bone in the forearm (lower arm) on the same side as the thumb.
red blood cells	Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.
reflex	Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord.
reproductive system	Body system that includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethea in the male.
respiration	Act of breathing; the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs and within each cell.
respiratory system	Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; enables respiration (breathing), supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide.
ribs	Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax.
risorious muscle	Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
saphenous nerve	Nerve of the leg that supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot.
scapula	Also known as shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder. There are two scapulas
sciatic nerve	Largest and longest nerve in the body
sensory nerves	Also known as afferent nerves; carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.
serratus anterior	Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.
seventh cranial nerve	Also known as facial nerve; chief motor nerve of the face. Its divisions and their branches supply and control all the muscles of facial expression.
skeletal system	Forms the physical foundation of the body, composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.
skin	Body organ that covers the body and is the external protective coating.
skull	Skeleton of the head; divided into two parts: cranium and facial skeleton.
smaller occipital nerve	Also known as lesser occipital nerve; cervical nerve located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear.
soleus	Muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down.
sphenoid bone	Bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together.
spinal cord	Portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk. It is protected by the spinal column.
sternum	Also known as breastbone; flat bone that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs.
stomach	Body organ that digests food along with the intestines.
strenocleido-mastoideus	Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head.
striated muscles	Also known as skeletal muscles; muscles that are attached to the bones and that are voluntary or are consciously controlled.
submental artery	Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.
superficial peroneal nerve	Also known as musculocutaneous nerve; extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top of the foot where it becomes the dorsal nerve.
superficial temporal artery	A continuation of the external carotid nerve artery; supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.
superior labial artery	Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose.
supinator	Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.
supraorabital nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid.
supraorbital artery	Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.
supratrochlear nerve	Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose.
sural nerve	Nerve of the lower left leg that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg.
systemic circulation	Also known as general circulation; system that carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart.
talus	Also known as ankle bone; one of three bones that comprise the ankle joint. The other two bones are the tibia and fibula.
tarsal	One of three subdivisions of the foot. There are seven bones--talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid. The other two subdivisions are the metatarsal and the phalanges.
temporal bones	Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.
temporal nerve	Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.
temporalis	Muscles that coordinate with the masseter and the pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as chewing muscles.
testes	Male sexual glands of the endocrine system that function in reproduction, as well as determining male sexual characteristics.
thorax	Also known as chest of pulmonary trunk; consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.
thyroid gland	Gland of the endocrine system that controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.
tibia	Larger of the two bones that from the leg below the knee. The tibia may be visualized as a bump on the big toe side of the ankle.
tibial nerve	A division of the sciatic nerve that passes behind the knee. It subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, the muscles of the calf, the skin of the leg, and the sole, heel, and underside of the toes.
tibialis anterior	Muscle that covers the front of the shin; bends the foot upward and inward.
tissue	Collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
transverse facial artery	Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the skin and masseter muscle.
trapezius	Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm.
triangularis muscle	Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.
tricep	Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
tricuspid valve	Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart.
ulna	Inner and larger bone of the forearm (lower arm), attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.
ulnar artery	Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the muscle of the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
ulnar nerve	Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
valves	Structures of the heart that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in only one direction.
veins	Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; veins contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward.
ventricle	A lower, thick-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood pumped from the atrium. There is a right ventricle and a left ventricle.
venules	Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins. They collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins.
white blood cells	Also known as white corpuscles or leukocytes; blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing bacteria.
zygomatic bones	Also known as malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.
zygomatic nerve	Branch of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves that affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
zygomaticus major muscles	Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth. These muscles pull the mouth backward, upward, and outward, as when you are laughing or smiling.
zygomaticus minor muscles	Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the upper lips. Theses muscles pull the upper lip backward, upward, and outward, as when you are smiling.

Created by: samkohlenberg

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