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drugs for diabetes
and other endocrine drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hormones produced by the thyroid gland | T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (tetraiodothyronine) |
| a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism | Diabetes |
| insulin-resistant diabetes | Diabetes Type 2 |
| Destroyed pancreatic beta cells | Diabetes Type 1 |
| When hypoglycemia becomes severe and is allowed to persist; more common in Diabetes type 1 | Ketoacidosis |
| The only oral drug to be used for gestational diabetes | Metformin |
| Fasting Blood Glucose that indicates diabetes | equal to or above 126 mg/dL |
| Plasma glucose level that indicates diabetes | equal to or above 200 mg/dL (polyuria, polydipsia, and rapid weight loss must also be present) |
| Prediabetic FBG range | 100-125 mg/dL |
| A1c that is diagnostic of diabetes | 6.5% |
| True/False: Oral anti-diabetics work well for those with Type 1 Diabetes | False: They only work for those with Type 2 |
| Drugs that help with diabetic neuropathy; also treat hypertension | ACE inhibitors and ARB's |
| Preferred to help control LDL levels | statins |
| Actions//major adverse effects of Sulfonylureas | Promote insulin secretion by the pancreas & increase tissue response to insulin//hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea |
| Prototype 1st generation Sulfonylurea drug | Tolbutamide [Orinase] |
| Prototype 2nd generation Sulfonylurea drug | Glipizide |
| Metformin | decreases glucose production by the liver and increase glucose uptake by the muscles |
| major adverse effects of Metformin | Decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, B12 and folic acid deficiency, and more rarely lactic acidosis (does NOT cause hypoglycemia) |
| Signs of hypoglycemia | diaphoresis, tachycadia, fatigue, excess hunger, tremors |
| Administration of Sulfonylurea | 1. give orally 30 before meals 2.Patients should swallow sustained release form whole 3.Pregnant women should stop taking it 48 h before delivery |
| Prototype Glinide | Repaglinide |
| Oral antidiabetics | Biguanide (Metfomin); Sulfonylurea; Thiazolidone (Rosiglitazone); alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (Acarbose); gliptins; glitinides |
| Nursing interventions for Thiazolidinedone | Monitoe serum alanine aminotransferase (hepatotoxicity); monito for edema,weight gain, or heart failure; monitor serum lipid levels |
| Why should you pay special attention to patients who take beta blockers while on antidiabetics (except Metformin)? | Because beta blockrs usually mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| Adverse effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | GI disturbances (most major): flatulence, cramps, distention; liver dysfunction |
| Actions of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | slows down the absorption of carbohydrate |
| Therapeutic use of Desmopession | diabetes insipidus |
| Therapeutic use of hydrocortione | Adrenocortical insufficiency |
| Action of Metformin | improves glucose tolerance in three ways: It inhibits glucose production in the liver, it reduces glucose absorption in the gut slightly, and it sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) |
| The only oral antidiabetic thta does not need the presence of insulin to work | alpha glucosidase inhibitors |
| Administration of alpha-glucosiddase inhibitors | Take with the first bite of food, 3x/day |
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5215071
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