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Physio Psych Ch. 1-2
Stasser's Physio Psych Ch. 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological psychology | the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience. |
| Physiological explanation | relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs |
| Ontogenetic explanation | describes the development of a structure or a behavior. |
| Evolutionary explanation | reconstructs the evolutionary histroy of a structure or behavior. |
| Functional explanation | describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did. |
| mind-body problem | What is the relationship between the mind and the body? |
| dualism | the belieft that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently |
| Monism | belief that the universe consists of only one kind of substance |
| materialism | view that everything that exists is material, or physical |
| Mentalism | view that only the mind really exists |
| identity position | view that mental processes are the same thing as certain kinds of brain processes but are described in different terms |
| solipsisms | I alone exist or I alone am conscious |
| Problem of the minds | the difficulty of knowing whether other people (or animals) have conscious experience |
| Easy problems | pertain to phenomena that we call consciousness, such as the differenece between wakefulness and sleep and what allows us to focus our attention. |
| Hard problem | concerns why and how any kind of brain activity is associated with consciousness. |
| Binocular rivalry | shifting in focus between eyes |
| genes | units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another |
| chromosomes | strands of genes (made of DNA) |
| enzymes | biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body |
| homozygous | identical pair of genes on the two chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | an unmatched pair of genes |
| Crossing over | A pair of chromosomes may break apart during reproduction and reconnect such that part of one chromosome attaches to the other part of the second chromosome |
| sex-linked genes | the genes located on the sex chromosome |
| autosomal genes | all chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes |
| X and Y | a female mammal has two X chromosomes; a male has an X and a Y |
| sex-limited genes | are present in both sexes but have effects mainly or exclusively for one sex |
| recombination | a new combination of genes, some from one parent and some from the other, that yields characteristics not found in either parent |
| mutation | change in a single gene |
| monozygotic twins | from one egg, identical |
| dizygotic twins | from two eggs, fraternal |
| multiplier effect | if genetic or prenatal infulences produce even a small increase in some activity, the early tendency will change the environment in a way that magnifies that tendency |
| PKU | a genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine |
| evolution | a change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in a population |
| artificial selection | the process of choosing individuals with a desired trait and make them the parents of the next generation |
| Lamarckian evolution | evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics |
| fitness of the population is opperationally defined as | the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations |
| Evolutionary psychology (sociobiology) | deals with how behaviors have evolved, especially social behaviors |
| altruistic behavior | an action that benefits someone othr than the actor |
| reciprocal altruism | the idea that animals help those who help them in return |
| kin selection | selection for a gene because it benefits the individual's relative |
| neurons | recieve information and transmit it to other cells |
| membrane (plasma membrane) | a structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment |
| nucleus | the structure that contains the chromosomes |
| mitochondrion | the structure that performs metabolic activities |
Created by:
l_fren
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