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Structure of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter composed of? | Invisible and indivisible particles called atoms. |
| Define atom. | Smallest particle of an element having characteristic properties of that element. |
| What is matter? | Anything occupying space and has inertia. |
| Where is matter found? | In nature in impure form, as a mineral of indefinite composition. |
| What is a molecule? | Smallest subdivision of a substance having characteristic properties of that substance. |
| What determines a molecule's state? | Degree of attraction among molecules of a given body. |
| What are the states of a molecule? | Solid, Liquid, Gas |
| What are the 2 types of substance? | Simple and complex |
| What is a compound? | Complex substance formed by chemical union of 2 or more elements in definite proportions. |
| When was atom model proposed? | In 1913 by Niels Bohr. |
| Define nucleus. | Contains most of mass consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons). |
| Define proton. | Elementary positive particle with mass about 1.67 x 10 -24 and diameter about 10 -13 cm |
| Define neutron. | Elementary NEUTRAL particle having same mass as the proton. |
| What is the shell formula? | (2 n- 2) |
| Define atomic number | Number of protons/positive charges/symbol Z |
| Define atomic mass. | Total number of protons and neutrons of an atom/symbol A |
| Define isotope. | Atom having same number of protons, but different neutrons. |
| Define nuclide. | Any particular kind of atom having specific number of protons and neutrons. |
| How is Periodic Table arranged? | From lightest to heaviest, and from lowest atomic number to highest. |
| Define valence. | Determines combining ability of atom by number of electrons in outermost shell. |
| Ionic Bond | When two ATOMS ARE ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER and form compounds. |
| How does ionization happen? | Through addition or removal of orbital electron. |
| Name the six methods that produce ionization. | Exposure of matter to x-rays/gamma rays, stream of electrons, to light, chemical ionization, spontaneous decay of radionuclides, and thermionic emission |
| The second is based on __________. | The rotation of earth around the sun. |
| What is the unit of power? | Watt |
| The type of bonding that involves the SHARING OF ELECTRONS is called? | Covalent bond |
| In the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy ____________. | cannot be created or destroyed and can be transformed from one form to another. |
| How many electrons can occupy the Q shell of an atom? | 98 |
| How many neutrons are in an isotope of lead that has an atomic number of 82 and a mass number of 210? | 128 |
| In an atom, electrical neutrality is achieved by maintaining a balance between what? | Electrons and protons |
| What is the unit of mass? | Kilogram (kg) |
| What is the charge of an electron and its mass? | Negative/0.000548 |
| What happens to an atom if it gains or loses an electron? | It becomes an ion. |
| What is the definition of energy? | The ability to do work |
| What is Newton's First Law of Motion? | An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force. |
| What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? | An object with mass and acceleration is acted on by a force, F=ma |
| What is Newton's Third Law of Motion? | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| What is the mass per unit volume of a substance called? | Density |
| The ability of a moving body to do work is called? | Kinetic energy |
| A neutral atom that loses an orbital electron will have a ____________. | positive charge |
| Name the eight forms of energy. | Chemical, Atomic, Light, Mechanical, Molecular, Electrical, Nuclear, and Thermal |
| What is the unit for resistance? | Ohm |
| What is the unit of electrical current? | Ampere |
| Where are electrical charges found on a conductor? | The external surface |
| Which of the following moves in a conductor? | Negative charges |
| What is the unit used to measure potential difference? | Volt |
| What particles move to create electrical current? | Electrons |
| What effect does a high temperature have on resistance? | Increases |
| The flow of electrons is known as what? | Current |
| What is the definition of energy? | The ability to do work. |
| What is valence? | The number of electrons in the outermost shell. |
| What are the specs for a copper wire with high electrical resistance. | 200 cm, 20 gauge |
| T/F: Amperage remains constant throughout. | True |
| Objects become electrified because of? | Transfer of electrons |
| Define density. | The mass per unit volume of a substance. |
| Define temperature. | A measure of the average energy of motion of the molecules in matter. |
| Push or pull on an object is called? | Force |
| Define inertia. | The tendency of a resting body to remain at rest. |
| What converts ELECTRICAL energy to MECHANICAL energy? | Electric motor |
| What converts CHEMICAL energy to ELECTRICAL energy? | Battery |
| What converts HEAT energy to MECHANICAL energy? | Steam engine |
| What converts CHEMICAL energy to MECHANICAL energy? | Gasoline engine |
| What is the speed of light? | 186,000 miles per second |
| What are the two types of mechanical energy? | Kinetic and Potential energy |
| How many electrons are in the O shell of an atom? | 50 |
| In the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy __________. | Cannot be created or destroyed and can be transformed from one form to another. |
| A neutral atom that loses an orbital electron will have a _____. | Positive charge |
| Define temperature. | A measure of the average energy of motion |
| Push or pull on an object is called? | Force |
| Define specific gravity. | The ratio of density of any material to the density of watr |
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