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Physical Sci CH234
Physical science vocab Chapters 2 3 4 7th grade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| colloid | a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist beingmoved or, if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| meniscus | a curve at a liquid’s surface by which one measures the volume of a liquid. |
| Volume | athe amount of space something takes up |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe |
| boiling | the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure |
| melting | the change of state by which a solid becomes a liquid by adding heat, molecules gain energy, endothermic change |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| metal | an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well |
| metalloid | an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| nonmetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties |
| Boyle’s Law | the law that states that the volume of a gas is increases as pressure decreases. helium tank high pressure small volume fills many balloons low pressure high volume B Boyle B balloons |
| Charles’s Law | the law that states that the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases. The volume decreases as the temperature decreases. C cocoa. Hot cocoa Charles law deals with temperature. |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| temperature | a measure of how hot (or cold)something is; specifi cally, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| volume | region in three-dimensional space |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with new chemical properties for example burning tarnishing, milk going sour |
| chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| density | mass per unit volume (D=m/v) |
| physical change | changing a physical property without changing the identity breaking, painting, building, melting but not burning! |
| physical property | a characteristic that can be measured or observed without chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness, conductivity etc |
| Gas | molecules far apart, does not have a definite volume or shape |
| liquid | molecules somewhat close together, shape changes because the molecules slide past one another to take the shape of the container. Volume (amount) stays the same. |
| solid | the state of matter definite shape and volume. molecules very close |
| states of matter | the physical forms of matter,which include solid, liquid, and gas |
| surface tension | the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface |
| viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow |
| compound | a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined, |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances, only one type of particle, oxygen, gold, copper sulfur... |
| metal | an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well |
| metalloid | an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| nonmetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture,solution, or ore |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined, substances maintain their identity and can be physically separated |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure - how much solute can dissolve |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance that dissolves the solute |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed -one substance dissolved into another |
| suspension | a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solubility tables | show how the temperature effects solubility |
| Homogeneous mixtures give two examples | examples salt water- salt is the solute chocolate milk-chocolate is the solute, milk is the solvent |
| homogeneous mixture | mixture where you cannot see each substance homo-same they look the same (think homosexual likes same - boy/boy girl/girl relationship) |
| heterogeneous mixture | mixture where you can see each substance - each part looks different hetero=different |
| mass vs weight | mass is the amount of matter cannot change weight is the gravitational pull can change |
| conductivity | ability to tranfer energy |
| malleability | the ability to be pounded into thin sheets think mallet (little hammer)aluminum foil and metals high malleablity |
| ductility | ability to be pulled into thin wire think shove through a thin duct comes out looking like a wire |
| solubility | ability to dissolve into another substance |
| flammability | the ability to burn |
| reactivity | ability to react with something |
| crystaline solid | orderly arrangement of molecules; repeating pattern. examples ice, diamond, iron |
| amorphous solid | molecules a mess, no pattern examples rubber, wax, plastic |
| conductivity | ability to tranfer energy |
| malleability | the ability to be pounded into thin sheets think mallet (little hammer)aluminum foil and metals high malleablity |
| ductility | ability to be pulled into thin wire think shove through a thin duct comes out looking like a wire |
| solubility | ability to dissolve into another substance |
| flammability | the ability to burn |
| reactivity | ability to react with something |
| crystaline solid | orderly arrangement of molecules; repeating pattern. examples ice, diamond, iron |
| amorphous solid | molecules a mess, no pattern examples rubber, wax, plastic |
| plasma | no definite shape or volume, molecules have broken apart. they conduct electric currents. examples lightning, fire, arrora borealis (northern lights) |
| endothermic change | energy is absorbed, like when melting something you make the molecules gain energy |
| freezing | liquid changes to solid, molecules lose energy,exothermic change |
| exothermic change | energy exits it is removed. like when you freeze something you take the energy out |
| vaporization | -liquid to gas at boining point -evaporation liquid to gas below boiling point (slower) -endothermic change energy is absorbed |
| condensation | -gas changes to liquid, molecules move slower, exothermic change- energy removed (exits) |
| condensation point | the temperature that gas changes to liquid |
| sublimation | solid changes to gas, example dry ice, endothermic change- energy aborbed |
| evaporation | type of vaporization-liquid to gas below boiling point (slower than boiling- still endothermic change because gas has more energy than liquid) |
| characteristic property | unique property that allows one to identify the element. examples melting point, density, reactivity, conductivity |
| categories of elements | metal- nonmetals- metaloids |
| compounds must.... | -have two or more elements chemically combined -have its own characteristic properties -use a chemical change to be broken down |
| example of a compound | sodium chloride better known as table salt- NaCl separated Na and Cl are poisonous. together they are salt! |
| How can mixtures be separated? | filter, centrifuge, magnet, boiling, |
| What is a centrifuge? | machine with a cylinder that spins ( like the gravitron ride) and uses the centrifugal force to separate liquids of different densities. |
Created by:
tziccardi
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