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Life Span Vocab 1-5
Vocab for Development of Life Span
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Development | The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span. |
| Life-Span perspective | the perspective that development is a life long,multimesional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual |
| normative age-graded influences | influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group |
| normative history-graded influences | influences that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances |
| nonnormative life events | unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life |
| culture | the behavior, patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group of people that are passed on from generation to generation |
| cross-cultural studies | Comparison of one culture with one or more cultures |
| ethnicity | a characteristic based on cultural heritage nationally characteristics, race, religion, and language |
| socioeconomic status (SES) | classification of a person's position in society based on occupational, educational and economic characteristics |
| gender | the characteristics of people as females and males |
| social policy | a government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens |
| biological processes | processes that produce changes in a individual's physical nature |
| cognitive processes | processes that involve changes in a individual's thought, intelligence and language |
| socioemotional processes | processes that involve changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions and personality |
| nature-nurture issue | debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature of nurture |
| stability-change issue | debate as to whether and to what degree we become older renditions of our early experience (stability) or whether we develop into someone different from who we were at an earlier point in development (change) |
| continuity-discontinuity issue | debate that focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or (discontinuity) |
| theory | an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and make predictions |
| hypothesis | specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy |
| psychoanalytic theories | theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion |
| Erikson's theory | theory that proposes eight stages of a unique development |
| Piaget's theory | theory stating that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development |
| Vygotsky's theory | sociocultural cognitive theory the emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development |
| information-processing theory | theory emphasizing that individuals manipulate information, monitor it and strategize about it |
| social cognitive theory | theoretical view that behavior, environment and cognition are the key factors in development |
| ethology | theory stressing that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods |
| Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory | Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems theory that focuses on 5 environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem |
| eclectic theoretical orientation | an orientation that does not follow any one theoretical approach, but rather selects from each theory whatever is considered best in it |
| laboratory | a controlled setting from which many of the complex factors of the "real world" have been removed |
| naturalistic observation | observing behavior in real-world settings |
| standardized test | test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring |
| case study | an in-depth look at a single individual |
| descriptive research | a type of research that aims to observe and record behavior |
| correlational research | a type of research that strives to describe the strength of the relationship between 2 or more events or characteristics |
| correlation coefficient | a number based on a statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between 2 variables |
| experiment | carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant |
| cross-sectional approach | a research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time |
| longitudinal approach | a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more |
| cohort effects | effects due to a person's time of birth, era, or generation but not to actual age |
| ethnic gloss | use of an ethnic label such as African American or Latino in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really is |
Created by:
Riah12
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