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PSY2012 Test 2
PSY2012 CH 3-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What age do we start fearing strangers? | 8 months |
| behavior genetics | The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on our behavior. |
| environment | every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us |
| Burj Khalifa | tallest building found in Dubai |
| How many chromosones do we have, and how many each from mom and dad? | 46, 23 each from mom and dad |
| chromosome | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up chromosomes |
| genes | biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
| What is another name for an active gene? | expressed gene |
| genome | the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromsomes |
| identical twins | twins who develop from a single (monozygotic) fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms |
| Although identical twins have the same genes, they don't always have the same _____ of ____ of those genes. | number, copies |
| 1 of every _ sets of identical twins have seperate placentas. | 3 |
| fraternal twins | Fraternal twins develop from seperate (dizygotic) eggs. |
| Are divorcing rates and personality traits found similar among identical twins? | Yes. |
| What country has the largest national twin registry? | Sweden |
| Bouchard | Located and studied 74 identical twin pairs raised apart, discovered similarities in personality and physicalities. |
| environmental relatives | adopted family |
| temperament | a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity. |
| Is there a similarity in traits between a child and its grown up self? | Statistically speaking, yes. |
| molecular genetics | the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes |
| heritability | the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. |
| interaction | the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another (such as heredity) |
| epigenetics | the study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change |
| evolutionary psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection |
| Principles of natural selection (4) | Organiams varied offspring compete for survival. Certain variables increase their reproductive and survival success. Offspring that survive are more likely to pass on genes. Thus, over time, characteristics may change. |
| mutation | a random error in gene replication that leads to a change. |
| No more than _% of genetic differences among humans arise from population group differences. __% of genetic variation exists within populations. | 5, 95 |
| gender (psychology) | the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female |
| How do evolutionary psychologists explain gender differences in sexuality? | They theorize that women have inherited ancestral tendencies to be more cautious, sexualy, because of environmental challenges. Men have inherited a need to be more casual to enable reproduction |
| What are the three main criticisms of the evolutionary explanation of human sexuality? | Starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation. Unethical/immoral men could use such excuses to rationalize bad behavior. May overlook the effects of cultural expectations and socialization. |
| Our ____ determine overall brain architecture, but _____ fills in the details, developing neural connections. | genes, experience |
| Mark Rozenweig and David Krech | Discovered a difference in rat brain weight, thickness of cortex, and synaptic activity determined by environment |
| culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
| norm | an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. norms describe "proper" behavior |
| What is the selection effect, and how might it affect a teen's decision to join sports teams at school? | Adolescents tend to select similar others and sort themselves in to like-minded groups. This could lead to a teen who is athletic finding other athletic teens and joining school teams together. |
| male answer syndrome | Tendency of males to be more likely to hazard answers than admit they don't know. |
| Which gender is more interdependent? | Females |
| Y chromosome | Chromosome found only in males. |
| Sex hormones do not kick in until week __ of conception. | 7 |
| Which gender has thicker frontal lobes? | Women |
| Term to describe the behaviors we expect of those who occupy a particular social position. | role |
| Are gender roles more prevalent in nomadic or agricultural societies? | agricultural |
| social learning theory | The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. |
| gender typing | the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. |
| Attributing responsibility for one's fate to bad genes or bad influences | bad faith |
| Occam's razor | the principle that we should prefer the simplest of explanations. |
| developmental psychology | branch that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |
| zygote | fertilized egg, enters a 2 week period of cell division to become an embryo |
| The zygote's inner cells become the ___, the outer cells become the ____. | embryo, placenta |
| At which week of conception does a human embryo become a fetus? | 9 weeks |
| teratogens | agents such as viruses or drugs/alcohol that can damage a fetus. |
| Term to describe decreasing responsiveness with increasing stimulation, such as infants losing interest in a repeated stimulus | habituation |
| True or false- maturation is influenced by experience. | False |
| At what age do frontal lobes grow fastest to facilitate the beginning of rational planning? | 3-6 |
| Most children begin walking between __ to __ months. | 12, 15 |
| What is infantile amnesia? | The inability of adults to recall memories before the age of 3. |
| Term to describe all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | cognition |
| schemas | Concepts of mental folds in to which we pour our experiences, such as identifying cats or dogs |
| assimilation | interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas. |
| sensorimotor stage | the stage from birth to age 2 in which infants know the world mostly in terms of sensory impressions and motor activities, due to lack of speech |
| descriptional stage- pretend play, egocentrism, words and images, intuitive preferred over logical reasoning | preoperational stage, age 2-6/7 |
Created by:
hherbst86
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