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Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Habituation | learning not to respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus |
| Mere Exposure Effect | a learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed |
| Behavioral Learning | forms of learning, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses |
| Classical Conditioning | a form of behavioral learning in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimulus |
| Neutral Stimulus | Any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning. When it is brought in to a conditioning experiment, the researcher will call it a conditioned stimulus (CS). The assumption is that some conditioning occurs after even one pairing of th |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | in classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | in classical conditioning, the response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning |
| Acquisition | the initial learning stage in classical conditioning, during which the conditioned response comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit the conditioned response. Customarily, in a conditioning experiment, the neutral stimulus is called a conditioned stimulus when it is first paired with an unconditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | In classical conditioning, a response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus. |
| Extinction | the weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus |
| Spontaneous Recovery | the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay |
| Stimulus Generalization | the extension of a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| Stimulus Discrimination | a change in responses to one stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar |
| Experimental Neurosis | A pattern of erratic behavior resulting from a demanding discrimination learning task, typically one that involved aversive stimuli |
| Taste-Aversion Learning | a biological tendency in which an organism learns, after a single experience, to avoid a food with a certain taste, if eating it is followed by illness |
| Operant | An observable, voluntary behavior that an organism emits to “operate” on, or have an effect on, the environment |
| Operant Conditioning | A form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences - that is, by the stimuli that follow the response |
| Law of Effect | the idea that responses that produced desirable results would be learned or “stamped” into the organism |
| Reinforcer | a condition (involving either the presentation or removal of a stimulus) that occurs after a response and strengthens that respons |
| Positive Reinforcement | a stimulus presented after a response and increasing the probability of that response happening again |
| Negative Reinforcement | the removal of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus, contingent upon a particular behavior. |
| Operant Chamber | A boxlike apparatus that can be programmed to deliver reinforcers and punishers contingent on an animal’s behavior. The operant chamber is often called a “skinner box” |
| Reinforcement Contigencies | relationships between a response and the changes in stimulation that follow the response |
| Continuous Reinforcement | a type of reinforcement schedule by which all correct responses are reinforced |
| Shaping | an operant learning technique in which a new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar to the desired response |
Created by:
hopemh
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