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Rad Positioning Ch17
Digestive System -- UGI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which body habitus will have the stomach in a mostly horizontal position (will also sit high)? | Hypersthenic |
| What body habitus will demonstrate the stomach in an almost vertical position (usually also sits very low)? | Asthenic |
| The body habitus for 50% of the population is ___________ and the body habitus for 35% of the population is __________. | 50%=Sthenic; 35%=Hyposthenic (Total 85%) |
| What is the length of the alimentary canal? | 29-30 Feet |
| What is the typical length of the esophagus? | 10 inches |
| The small intestine is approximately how long? | 22 feet |
| What is the shortest and widest part of the small intestine? | Duodenum |
| Approximately how long is the Duodenum of the small intestine? | 8 to 10 inches |
| The duodenum is divided into _____ portions. | 4 |
| The 1st region of the duodenum is _________; the 2nd is ___________; 3rd is ____________; and 4th is _____________. | Superior; Descending, Horizontal; Ascending |
| The 1st portion of the duodenum is called the __________ bulb because of its appearance when filled with contrast. | Duodenal Bulb |
| The 2nd part of the duodenum (descending)is about ____ to _____ inches long. | 3 to 4 inches |
| The 3rd part of the duodenum about _____ inches long. | 2 1/2 inches |
| The 4th part of the duodenum is on the left side of the vertebra and joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the ______________ ___________ and is supported by the ___________ muscle of the duodenum. | Duodenojejunal Flexure; Suspensory |
| The Jejunum and Ileum of the small intestine are gathered into freely movable loops (gyri) and are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the ____________. | Mesentery |
| The large intestine is approximately _________ long. The cecum (pouch-like portion below the ileum and colon) is approximately ____ inches long and _____ inches wide with the trailing vermiform appendix ______ inches long. | 5 feet; 2.5 inches x 3 inches wide; 3 inches long |
| The rectum is approximately ______ inches long with the most distal portion ______ inch long and constricted to form the anal canal. | 6 inches; 1 inche |
| The digestive system consists of 2 parts: the ____________ glands and the _____________ _________. | Accessory glands; Alimentary canal |
| List the Accessory organs: (SLGP: Silly Little Guinea Pig) | Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas) |
| List the organs of the Alimentary Canal: (MPE SSLA: Many People Eat So Should Little Animals) | Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Anus) |
| The entire Alimentary Canal has 4 layers. List them from the OUTSIDE to INSIDE. | Fibrous, Muscular, Sub-Mucosal, Mucosal |
| The expanded portion of the terminal Esophagus is called the ___________ __________. | Cardiac Antrum |
| The Muscle controlling the opening to the stomach is the __________ ____________. The muscle controlling the opening to the Duodenum of the small intestine is the __________ __________. | Cardiac Sphincter; Pyloric Sphincter |
| The inferior position of the esophagus curves sharply left, increases in diameter and joins the stomach at the _____________ ___________ at the level of T-____ (Xiphoid Tip) | Esophagogastric Junction; T-11 (Xiphoid Tip) |
| How long does it take for Barium to pass through the Alimentary Canal? | 24 hours |
| What are the 2 main functions of the stomach? | Store and Break down food |
| The Contraction Wave the digestive system that propels food along the alimentary canal is called ___________. | Peristalsis |
| What is the patient prep instructions for a stomach exam in the early morning? | NPO after midnight (NPO= "Nil Per Os": Nothing by mouth) |
| What is the Patient prep instructions for a stomach exam for any other time than early morning? | NPO 8 hours prior |
| What are the routinely used methods (contrast) for stomach exams? | Single & Double Contrast |
| What position for an x-ray of the abdomen would require the use of a positioning sponge? | AP Oblique (sponge under the elevated side to hold them up) |
| What is the largest gland in the body? | Liver |
| What 2 regions of the abdomen is the liver located in? | Right Hypochondrium and Epigastric region |
| What quadrant is the Spleen located in? | Left Upper Quadrant |
| What are the 2 vessels that supply blood to the liver? | Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery |
| What are the 2 functions of the Gallbladder? | Store and Concentrate Bile |
| The function of the exocrine cells of the pancreas is what? | Produce and secrete digestive juices |
| Name 4 ways to record fluorographic studies: | Video Recorders, Cine Film Recorders, Digital Image Camera, & Spot Film Camera |
| What are the 3 types of contrast mediums used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? | Air (Sodium Bicarbonate--Fizzies), Barium Sulfate Water-Soluble iodinated solutions |
| Which type of contrast is negative? | Air (Sodium Bicarbonate) Shows up dark |
| What is the most commonly used contrast? | Barium Sulfate |
| Which contrast should be used if there is any chance that it could escape into the peritoneal cavity? | Water-Soluble Iodinated Contrast (Gastrografin Or Gastroview) |
| What is a hazard associated with water-soluble iodinated contrast media especially with geriatric patients? | Dehydration |
| What is the respiration phase for almost all UGI projections? | Suspended Expiration |
| What is the primary advantage of using Double contrast for the gastrointestinal tract? | Better visualization of small lesions and the mucosal lining of the stomach |
| What drug is commonly given to patients before a Double-Contrast exam to relax the gastrointestinal tract? | Glucagon or other anticholinergic medications |
| The Common bile duct and the Pancreatic duct unite to form the ____________ ____________. | Hepatopancreatic Ampulla |
| The opening inside the Duodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enter through the hepatopancreatic ampulla is known as: | Major (or greater) Duodenal Papilla |
| What is the function of the spleen? | Production of lymphocytes and stores and removes dead or dying Red Blood Cells |
| Specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts termed _____________. | Cholangiography |
| When food enters the stomach and combines with gastric secretions, it's passed to the small intestines as _________. | Chyme |
| The 2 organs responsible for digestion: | Stomach and Small Intestines |
| Term for the act of swallowing: | Deglutition |
| What is the common passageway for both food and air? | Pharynx |
| What is the cartilage that prevents food from entering the larynx? | Epiglottis |
| What is the recommended oblique radiographic view of the esophagus? | PA Oblique / RAO |
| What is the degree of body rotation for the recommended oblique radiographic view of the esophagus? | 35-40 degrees |
| What is the preferred patient position for demonstration of the esophagus where the varices are better filled and more complete filling of the esophagus? | Recumbent |
| What are the essential projections of the esophagus? | AP/PA; AP Oblique/PA Oblique (RAO or LPO); Lateral |
| On the lateral projection of the esophagus, what plane is centered to the IR? | Mid-Coronal Plane |
| What are the patient instructions for an esophagram of the esophagus to show the esophageal varices? | Full Expiration, Swallow the Barium Bolus and avoid inspiration until the exposure is made. |
| For all projections of the esophagus, where is the top of IR positioned? | Level of the mouth |
| The esophagus is POSTERIOR to the ____________ and ______________. | Heart and Trachea |
| For (10x12 or 14x17 cassette) PA projections of the stomach and duodenum what plane is centered to the IR? | Sagittal plane midway between the vertebral column and the left lateral border of the abdomen. |
| For the PA Projection of the stomach and duodenum center the CR midway between the vertebral column and lateral border at what level for a prone patient? What level for an upright patient? | Prone patient at level of L1-2 (1-2 inches above lower rib margin); 3 to 6 inches lower than L1-2 for upright patient |
| What are the essential projections for the stomach and duodenum? | AP or PA / PA Oblique (RAO) / AP Oblique (LPO) / Right Lateral |
| For a PA Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum how much should the patient be rotated? | 40-70 degrees |
| For an AP Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum how much should the patient be rotated? | 30-60 degrees |
| For Oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum which body habitus would require the greatest degree of rotation? | Hypersthenic |
| For a PA Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what plane is centered to the grid? | Sagittal plane midway between the vertebral column and the elevated side (left side since a PA Oblique is an RAO) |
| For an AP or PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum the IR and CR is centered to what level of the body? | L1-2 / midway between the xiphoid process and the lower margin of the ribs |
| For an AP Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum the rotation for an average body is? | 45 degrees |
| What plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum? | The coronal plane midway between the mid-coronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen |
| What projection will best demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? | PA Oblique RAO |
| What projection will best demonstrate the Fundus portion of the stomach? | AP Oblique LPO |
| What projection of the stomach will demonstrate the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stomach? | Lateral Projection |
| What projection will best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? | AP in Full or Partial Trendelenburg |
| For an AP projection, which position(s) will demonstrate retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jujenum? | Supine and Trendelenburg |
| The folds of the stomach are called ______. | Rugae |
| The stomach joins the esophagus at an OPENING called the ___________ _________. | Cardiac Orifice |
| The stomach joins the small intestine at an OPENING called the ___________ __________. | Pyloric Orifice |
| A PA projection of the stomach will best demonstrate what? | The contour of the stomach and duodenal bulb |
| Where does the stomach join the esophagus? | Esophagogastric Junction |
| What are the 4 main subdivisions of the stomach? | 1)Cardia 2)Fundus 3)Body 4)Pyloric Portion |
| The lateral border of the stomach is called the __________ _______________. The medial border of the stomach is called the ____________ _____________. | Greater Curvature (lateral); Lesser Curvature (medial) |
| In the prone position, what part of the stomach will barium gravitate? | Body and pyloris |
Created by:
foster1317
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