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Resp 8 I
Oxygen Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aerobic metabolism | sustain life, metabolism that occurs in the presence of oxygen, can produce a lot of energy (ATP) |
| Anaerobic | able to grow and function without air or oxygen - in the cytoplasm |
| oxygen | colorless, tastleless, transparent gas |
| What does oxygen exist in atmosphere | 21% |
| Four classifications of Tissue Hypoxia | 1. Hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia) 2. Hemoglobin defiency (anemic hypoxia) 3. low blood flow (circulatory hypoxia) 4. dysoxia (histotoxic hypoxia) |
| Hypoxemia (Hypoxic hypoxia) | inadequate delivery of oxygen to the lun or from the lung to the blood RESPONDS TO O2 |
| Causes of hypoxemia | hypoventilation, breathing at high altitude, shunt (atelectasis), V/Q mismatch, diffusion defects |
| Hemoglobin Defiency (anemic hypoxia) | anemia refers to low amounts of hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood. RESPONDS TO O2 |
| causes of hemoglobin defiency (anemic hypoxia) | loss of Hb, decreased Hb production, abnormal Hb, or an impaired chemical combination of Hb (carbon monoxide poisoning) |
| Low blood flow (circulatory hypoxia) | sufficient blood flow is not reaching the tissue and therefore oxygen is not being delivered. O2 THERAPY LIMITED |
| causes of low blood flow (circulatory hypoxia) | cardiac pump failure, CHF, shock, ischemia |
| Dysoxia (histotoxic hypoxia) | poisoning of the cellular oxygen utilization mechanism has occured (the cell is not able to accept oxygen from the blood to utilize it. DOES NOT RESPOND TO O2 |
| Causes of dysoxia (histotoxic hypoxia) | cyanide poisoning |
| Acute hypoxia sign/symptoms | tachypnea, increase RR, tachycardia, hypertension, increase CO, Arrythymia, restlessness, liver and kidney damage |
| Chronic Hypoxia signs/symptoms | persistent mental and physical fatigue, secondary polycythemia, restlessness, clubbing, increase size of heart (right side failure) (cor pulmonale) |
| Indication for O2 use | Documented hypoxemia PaO2 thes than 60 mmHg or SaO2 less than 90% |
| Oxygen toxicity | result of increased FiO2 2 factors: effective dose and duration |
| Signs/symptoms of oxygen toxicity | tachypnea, fatigue, anxiety, irritation of trachea, mild cough, pain in inspiration, N/V, decreased vital capacity |
| Hypoventilation | increased PaO2 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) | increased PaO2, irreversible damage to the retina of an infant due to exposure to high levels in the arterial blood. Greater than 80 mmHg. |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BDP) | fibrotic tissue damage caused by the exposure of high levels of inhaled oxygen (FiO2)to the immature lung tissue in a premature baby for a long period of time FiO2 is greater than 40% for more than 24-72 hours |
| absorption atelectasis | collapse of alveoli as the result of high levels (FiO2) in the inhaled air causing elimination of N2 from the lung. |
| Shift to RIGHT on curve | Decrease affinity Decrease pH Increase in Temp increase 2,3,DPG increase in PCO2 |
| Shift to LEFT on curve | increase affinity (O2 transferred to the blood and HgB) increase in pH decrease in temp decrease 2,3 DPG Decrease in PCO2 |
| Hypoxia | lack of oxygen at the tissue level |
| Hypoxemia | lack of oxygen in the arterial blood (decreased PaO2) |
| Hyperoxia | increased levels of O2 to tissues usually due to the use of supplemental O2 |
| Secondary polycythemia | increased production of RBCs. More RBCS available to carry oxygen to the tissues |
| cyanosis | visible bluish tinge of the skin and mucous membranes |
| CaO2 | content in the amount of oxygn in a substance expressed as volume %. |
| CaO2 calculation | CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003) Hemoglobin plasma |
| normal CaO2 | 20.4 vol% |
| Alveolar Air Equation | PAO2 = [Pb - 47)FiO2]- PACO2/8 |
| Normal A-a gradient | 5-10 mmHg on room air no more than 65 mmHg on 100% oxygen |
| A-a gradient calculation | P(A-a)O2 = PAO2- PaO2 |
Created by:
TnJFarrington12
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