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Psych Ch. 3.1

QuestionAnswer
neurons basic units of the nervous system; receive, integrate, and transmit information; specialized for communication
Central Nervous System (CNS) brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) all nerves that are not part of the CNS
Types of neurons Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneuron
resting membrane potential when not active, neurons have a negative electrical charge
Excitatory Signals reduce polarization --> increases likelihood of an action potential
Inhibitory Signals increase polarization --> decreases likelihood of an action potential
propagation the way axons move down an action potential - like a wave
All-or-none principal A neuron will fire with the same potency every time or not at all (to initiate an action potential)
presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters to postsynaptic neurons
neurotransmitters chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next
reuptake when neurotransmitters are recycled back into the presynaptic neuron
enzyme deactivation unused neurotransmitters in the synapse are destroyed
agonist drug/substance that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter
antagonist drug/substance that blocks the actions of a neurotransmitter
acetylcholine (AcH) motor control over muscles; sleeping, dreaming, learning & memory
epinephrine energy
norepinephrine vigilance, arousal
serotonin emotional states & impulsiveness; dreaming
dopamine reward & motivation; motor control over voluntary movement
GABA inhibition of action potentials, anxiety reduction, intoxication (via alcohol)
glutamate enhancement of action potentials; learning & memory
endorphins pain reduction & reward
substance P pain perception; mood & anxiety
Created by: rdhaliwal
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