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Resp Disease 1
Emphysema
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of Emphysema | A weakening and premanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles; destruction of the alveolar walls |
| What are some causes of emphysema | smoking chronic irritation and inflammation Infections and pollutants Alpha one Anti-trypsin |
| What is the definition of Emphysema | A weakening and premanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles; destruction of the alveolar walls |
| what is the most common cause of Emphysema | Smoking |
| What are some causes of emphysema | smoking chronic irritation and inflammation Infections and pollutants Alpha one Anti-trypsin |
| What are the two different types emphysema | centrilobar panlobar |
| Which type of emphysema is more common | centrilobar |
| what is the most common cause of Emphysema | Smoking |
| What parts of the lungs does panlobar affect | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs which are destroyed by elastase |
| What are the two different types emphysema | centrilobar panlobar |
| What parts of the lungs does centrilobar affect | respiratory bronchioles, upper lobes, increased protease |
| Which type of emphysema is more common | centrilobar |
| What happens in pathophysiology of emphysema | Destruction |
| What happens in pathophysiology of emphysema | Destruction |
| What parts of the lungs does panlobar affect | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs which are destroyed by elastase |
| What parts of the lungs does centrilobar affect | respiratory bronchioles, upper lobes, increased protease |
| What happens in pathophysiology of emphysema | Destruction of alveolar sacs loss of recoil/increased complicance (floppy airways) Exhalation incomplete and requires energy V/Q mismatch chest/heart becomes long and narrow Diaphragm flattens |
| What happens when the lungs dont recoil | increase compliance (floppy airways) premature airway closure leading to air trapping, hyperinflation increased RV, FRC, TLC |
| What are some signs and symptoms of emphysema | Acessory muscle use- braced and leaned forward (tripod position) Pursed Lip breathing Cachetic/malnorished Yellow fingers possible from smoking Digital Clubbing Polycythemia Cor Pulmonale JVD- edema (if cor pulmonale) Increased RR, HR Dry NPC |
| When would a pt with anti-trypsin alpha 1 start to become symptomatic | age 32-41 |
| What would you see on a chest xray/ct scan if the pt had emphysema | Hyperlucent lung fields Bullae/Blebs Prominent pulmonary arteries Flatten diaphragm blunted costaphrenic angle |
| How does alpha anti-trypsin affect the lung | liver that produces anit-trypsin deficiency does not release and neurtrophils elastance run rampage and kill the elastance in the lungs |
| What is a bullae | Air pockets greater than one cm in the lung parenchyma |
| What is a bleb | acumulations of air within the layers of the viceral pleura (usually smaller than bullae) |
| What could you see on a pt's PFT with a diagnoses of emphysema | Decreased FEF Increased TLC, RV, FRC increased RV/TLC Low diffusion |
| what are some treatments you would see in emphysema | Brochial hygiene lung reduction breathing techniques O2 Mechanical ventilation Lung transplant |
| In an alpha one antitrypsin pt what is a medication/treatment | giving them prolastin |
Created by:
laney21882
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