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Social Psychology
Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Do people exert more effort when exercising and competing with others? | Yes- According to (Triplet 1887) hypothesis which he tested with a competition machine. |
| What is Social cognition? | Refers to how we process, store, and use information about other people. In other words, it focuses on understanding how we think about others and how that in turn influences our behavior, feelings, and social interactions. |
| What is Social Psychology and what are their interests. | The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. |
| What composes the ABC Triad found in social psychology? | The building blocks of social psychology. |
| What is a theory? | Unobservant composed of constructs (abstract ideas or concepts) linked together in logical way. |
| What is Hypotheses? | An idea or explanation that something is based on known facts but has not yet been proved. |
| What is the scientific method? | Involves five steps: State problem, Formulate testable hypothesis as a tentative solution, design a study & collect data, test the hypothesis with statistical methods, communicate the results. |
| In the ABC Triad- What does the "A" stand for? | Affect-How people feel inside (Self-esteem, prejudice, attitude) |
| In the ABC Triad- What does the "B" stand for? | Behavior- |
| In the ABC Triad- What does the "C" stand for? | Cognition- What people think (self-concept, forming impressions, protecting the environment) |
| Are theories practical? | Yes |
| What is Step 1 of the the scientific method. | State problem |
| What is Step 2 of the the scientific method. | Formulate testable hypothesis as a tentative solution |
| What is Step 3 of the the scientific method. | Design a study & collect data |
| What is Step 4 of the the scientific method. | Test the hypothesis with statistical methods |
| What is Step 5 of the the scientific method. | Communicate the results |
| What is Independent variable? | A variable manipulated by the researcher that is assumed to lead to changes in the dependent variable. |
| What is Dependent Variable? | A variable in a study that represents the result of the events and processes. |
| What is a Field Experiments? | Experiment conducted in a real world setting |
| What is a Quasi-experiments? | Type of experiment where the student can manipulate an independent variable but cannot use random assignments |
| What is a correlational study? | A non-experimental method in which researchers merely observe weather variables are associated or related |
| What is “Psyche?” | A broader term for mind, encompassing emotions, desires, perceptions and indeed all psychological process. |
| Another word for “Survival of the fittest” | Natural Selection |
| What is an Evolutionary psychologist? | An approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological traits such as memory, perception, and language from a modern evolutionary perspective. |
| What is a Positive psychologist | Psychologists that seeks "to find and nurture genius and talent" and "to make normal life more fulfilling",rather than merely treating mental illness. |
| What is Culture? | An information based system that includes shared ideas and common ways of doing things. |
| What is Praxis? | Practical way of doing things. |
| Automatic | The part of the mind outside of the consciousness that performs simple operations. |
| Conscious | The part of the mind that performs complex operation. |
| Agent self | The part of Self involved with control, including both control over people and self -control |
| Interpersonal self | The image of the self that is conveyed to others |
| Self-knowledge self | A set of beliefs about oneself |
| Intrinsic reward | Wanting to perform an activity for own sake |
| Extrinsic reward | Performing an activity because of something that results from it. |
| Fundamental attribution error | Tendency for observers to attribute others people’s behavior to dispositional causes and to downplay situational causes |
| Self-serving bias | The tendency to take credit for success but deny blame for failure |
| Actor-observer effect | The tendency for actors to make external attributions and observers to make internal attributions |
| Entity Theorists | Those who believe that traits are fixed, stable things (entities) and thus people should not be expected to change |
| Incremental Theorists | Those who believe that traits are subject to change and improve |
| What is the Zeigarnik effect | Tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted. |
| risk aversion | In decision making the greater weight is given to the possible weight then the possible gains |
| certainty effect | In decision making , the greater weight is given to definite outcomes than to probabilities |
| Temporal discounting | In decision making the greater weight is given to the present over the future. |
| Status quo bias | The preference to keep thing they way they are rather than change |
| Script | Knowledge structures that define situations and guide behavior |
| Schema | Knowledge structures that represent substantial information about a concept |
| Heuristic | Mental shortcuts that provide estimates about the likelihood of uncertain events |
| Representative heuristic | Resembles a typical case |
| Availability heuristic | based on reverent cases |
| Simulation heuristic | imagine or mental stimulate an event |
| Anchoring and adjustment heuristic | Use a starting point as an anchor |
Created by:
showard0407
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