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Psych 2301
Chapter 1 - Zimbardo 7th e.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is Psychology and what is it NOT? | Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, but fundamentally psychology is the science of behavior and mental process. |
What are Psychology's Six Main Perspectives? | The biological, cognitive, behavioral, whole-person, developmental, and sociocultural perspectives. |
Psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes. |
Experimental psychologists | Psychologists who do research on basic psychological processes - as contrasted with applied psychologists. Also called research psychologists. |
Teachers of Psychology | Psychologists whose primary job is teaching, typically in high schools, colleges, and universities. |
Applied Psychologists | Psychologists who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems. |
Psychiatry | A medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. |
Pseudo-Psychology | Erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology. |
Anecdotal Evidence | First-hand accounts that vividly describe the experiences of one or few people, but may erroneously be assumed to be scientific evidence. |
Emotional Bias | The tendency to make judgments based on attitudes and feelings, rather than on the basis of a rational analysis of the evidence. |
Confirmation Bias | The tendency to attend to evidence that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not. |
Biological Perspective | The psychological perspective that searches for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain and nervous system, and the endocrine (hormone) system. |
What was 17th-century philosopher Rene Descartes responsible for? | The distinction between the spiritual mind and the physical body. |
Neuroscience | The field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes. |
Evolutionary Psychology | A relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and production. |
Introspection | The process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences. |
Structuralism | A historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought. |
Functionalism | A historical school of psychology that believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function. |
Necker cube | An ambiguous two-dimensional figure of a cube that can be seen from different perspectives. |
Cognitive Perspective | Emphasizes mental processes, such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking, as forms of information processing. |
Cognition | Mental activity, such as perceptions, interpretations, expectations, beliefs, and memories. |
psychoanalysis | Based on Freud's assertions, which emphasize unconscious processes. The term is broadly used to Freud's psychoanalytic theory and his treatment method. |
Whole-person perspectives | A group of psychological perspectives that take a global view of the person. Included are psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology, and trait and temperament psychology. |
Humanistic psychology | A clinical approach emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will. |
Trait and Temperament psychology | Views behavior and personality as the products of enduring psychological characteristics. |
Developmental perspective | Emphasis on nature and nurture and on predictable changes that occur across the lifespan. |
Sociocultural perspective | Emphasizes the importance of social interaction, social learning, and culture in explaining human behavior. |
Culture | A complex blend of language, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions developed by a group of people and shared with others in the same environment. |
Cross-cultural psychologists | Psychological processes may differ among people of different cultures. |