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Psych 2301

Chapter 1 - Zimbardo 7th e.

QuestionAnswer
What is Psychology and what is it NOT? Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, but fundamentally psychology is the science of behavior and mental process.
What are Psychology's Six Main Perspectives? The biological, cognitive, behavioral, whole-person, developmental, and sociocultural perspectives.
Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes.
Experimental psychologists Psychologists who do research on basic psychological processes - as contrasted with applied psychologists. Also called research psychologists.
Teachers of Psychology Psychologists whose primary job is teaching, typically in high schools, colleges, and universities.
Applied Psychologists Psychologists who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems.
Psychiatry A medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Pseudo-Psychology Erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology.
Anecdotal Evidence First-hand accounts that vividly describe the experiences of one or few people, but may erroneously be assumed to be scientific evidence.
Emotional Bias The tendency to make judgments based on attitudes and feelings, rather than on the basis of a rational analysis of the evidence.
Confirmation Bias The tendency to attend to evidence that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not.
Biological Perspective The psychological perspective that searches for the causes of behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain and nervous system, and the endocrine (hormone) system.
What was 17th-century philosopher Rene Descartes responsible for? The distinction between the spiritual mind and the physical body.
Neuroscience The field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, consciousness, memories, and other mental processes.
Evolutionary Psychology A relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and production.
Introspection The process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences.
Structuralism A historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought.
Functionalism A historical school of psychology that believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function.
Necker cube An ambiguous two-dimensional figure of a cube that can be seen from different perspectives.
Cognitive Perspective Emphasizes mental processes, such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking, as forms of information processing.
Cognition Mental activity, such as perceptions, interpretations, expectations, beliefs, and memories.
psychoanalysis Based on Freud's assertions, which emphasize unconscious processes. The term is broadly used to Freud's psychoanalytic theory and his treatment method.
Whole-person perspectives A group of psychological perspectives that take a global view of the person. Included are psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology, and trait and temperament psychology.
Humanistic psychology A clinical approach emphasizing human ability, growth, potential, and free will.
Trait and Temperament psychology Views behavior and personality as the products of enduring psychological characteristics.
Developmental perspective Emphasis on nature and nurture and on predictable changes that occur across the lifespan.
Sociocultural perspective Emphasizes the importance of social interaction, social learning, and culture in explaining human behavior.
Culture A complex blend of language, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions developed by a group of people and shared with others in the same environment.
Cross-cultural psychologists Psychological processes may differ among people of different cultures.
Created by: cglaser45
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