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Chapter 15 P. Scienc
Physical Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motion: | an object’s change in position relative to a reference point |
| reference point: | the object that appears to stay in place |
| speed: | the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred d/t & m/s |
| average speed: | total distance/ total time |
| velocity: | the speed of an object in a particular direction |
| resultant velocity: | combining velocities to find overall velocity |
| constant velocity: | motion along a straight line |
| changes in velocity: | caused by change in speed or direction or both |
| acceleration: | the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed direction, or both changes m/s/s and direction |
| increase in velocity: | positive acceleration |
| decrease in velocity: | negative acceleration or deceleration |
| average acceleration: | final velocity-starting velocity/ time it takes to change velocity f.v.-s.v./ t |
| centripetal acceleration: | acceleration that occurs in circular motion |
| force: | a push or a pull that changes the motion of an object; has size and direction newton (N) |
| net force: | the combination of all the forces acting on an object |
| forces in the same direction: | add |
| forces in the opposite direction: | subtract |
| balanced forces: | will not cause a change in the motion of a moving object, will not cause a stationary object to start moving |
| unbalanced forces: | will produce a change in speed or direction of a moving object; will cause a stationary object to start moving |
| friction: | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact; microscopic hills and valleys of the surfaces stick together |
| factors affecting friction: | strength of forces pushing or pulling the surfaces; the roughness of the surfaces; weight of the objects |
| kinetic friction: | sliding and rolling |
| sliding kinetic friction: | surfaces sliding past each other |
| rolling kinetic friction: | a surface rolling over another surface |
| static friction: | occurs when a push is applied to an object but the object does not move; can be overcome by a large enough force |
| ways to reduce friction: | use lubricants, switch to rolling kinetic friction, make surfaces smoother |
| ways to increase friction: | make surfaces rough, increase force |
| gravity: | the force of attraction between objects, due to their masses, all matter is affected by gravity |
| law of universal gravitation: | relationships between gravitational force, mass, and distance |
| part 1 of law of universal gravitation: | the size of the force of gravity increases as the mass of one or both of the objects increases |
| part 2 of law of universal gravitation: | the size of the force of gravity decreases as the distance between the objects increases |
| weight: | measure of the gravitational force on an object, Newtons (N), changes depending on gravity |
| mass: | amount of matter in an object, grams (g), always stays the same |
Created by:
77meduelemipierna77
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