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Rad Pathology
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of disease: | Pathology |
| ________ is the bodies response to some form of injury. | Disease |
| Injury may be ___________, __________, infectious, ___________ or _______________. | Hereditary, Traumatic, Vascular, Metabolic |
| Disease will present itself by a set of characteristics known as __________ & _______. | Signs & Symptoms |
| ______________ is the determination of diseases. | Diagnosis |
| _____________ is the prediction of the outcome. | Prognosis |
| The study of causation of a pathologic process is ____________. | Etiology |
| ____________ is a disease caused by the doctor and treatment. | Iatrogenic |
| If you get an infection in the hospital, it's termed a _____________ infection. | Nosocomial |
| ___________ _____________ is the initial response of body tissue to local injury. | Acute Inflammation |
| Regardless of whether the injury is ___________ _________, ______________ ____________ or ______________ substances there are four events that occur sequentially. | Penetrating Trauma, Infectious Organisms, or Chemical Substances |
| The 1st event that occurs as a response to disease: | Alteration in blood flow and vascular permeability |
| An increase in blood flow to the injury site is ______________. | Hyperemia |
| The 1st response to disease will cause __________ and ____________ to become permeable allowing __________-rich __________ across vessel walls. | Venules; Capillaries; Protein-rich; Plasma |
| What is the 2nd event in the response to disease? | White blood cells migrate to the injury site |
| What is the 3rd event that happens in the response to disease? | Digestion of dead cells and tissues |
| The 3rd event is called: | Phagocytosis |
| The 4th event is called __________ which is the removal of necrotic debris and bacteria. | Repair |
| ________________ microorganisms produce pus. Give 2 examples: | Pyogenic; Staphylococuss & Streptococuss |
| What is a localized, usually encapsulated collection of pus? | Abscess |
| A tumorlike mass of tissue caused by a chronic inflammatory process: Give an example: | Granuloma; Tuberculosis |
| _____________ is bacteria in the blood. What makes this condition very dangerous? | Bacteremia; Because it can travel and invade other organs and tissues |
| __________ is an abnormal amount of fluid in tissue spaces or body cavities. | Edema |
| Generalized edema (________) becomes __________ and can produce swelling in tissues throughout the body. | Anasarca; Systemic |
| ____________ is a lack of blood supply to an organ or part of an organ causing the organ's cells and tissues to be deprived of oxygen and nutrients. | Ischemia |
| What kind of vessels can sometimes reroute blood supply in the event of ischemia? | Collateral Vessels |
| What kind of occlusions are less likely to cause tissue death? | Slowly developing occlusions |
| Cells of the _________ system and ________ muscle cells will undergo irreversible damage if deprived of their blood supply for ____to_____ minutes. | Nervous System; Myocardial Muscle cells; 3 to 5 minutes |
| An ________ is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ caused by occlusion of either _______ blood supply or __________ drainage. | Infarct; Arterial supply; Venous drainage |
| This type of occlusion would be caused by a blood clot: | Thrombotic Occlusion |
| This type of occlusion is caused by blood clots, __________ or masses of ___________ or ______________ __________. | Embolic Occlusion; plaque; bacteria or cancer cells |
| Some occlusions can be caused by twisting of loops of the bowel. This is termed ___________. | Volvulus |
| ____________ is a rupture of a blood vessel. | Hemmorhage |
| A reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue with a corresponding decrease in function: | Atrophy |
| An increase in size of cells of a tissue or organ in response to demand for increased function: | Hypertrophy |
| Increases in the number of cells in a tissue or organ is termed ___________. | Hyperplasia |
| An abnormal development of tissue which can be caused by chronic irritation or inflammation: | Dysplasia |
| New and abnormal growth especially when the growth is uncontrolled and progressive: | Neoplasia |
| Neoplasms are divided into 2 categories: | Benign & Malignant |
| _________ neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites. This spreading is termed: | Malignant; Metastasize |
| Most _________ tumors closely resemble the tissue of origin. | Benign |
| Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called _____________. | Carcinomas |
| Carcinomas affect ____________ tissue, ______ and ___________ membranes lining body cavities. | Epithelial; Skin; Mucous |
| Examples of benign tumors: (AACC FLP) | Adenoma, Angioma, Chondroma, Cystadenoma, Fibroma, Lipoma, Papilloma |
| ________________ refers to malignancies of glandular tissue such as breast, ________, __________ and cells lining the _____________ tract. | Adenocarcinoma; Liver, Pancreas, Gastrointestinal |
| When tumors grow without form it is called either _______________ or ____________. | Undifferentiated; Anaplastic |
| Highly malignant tumors arising from connective tissues: | Sarcomas |
| Sarcomas are tumors arising in ___________, ___________ and __________. Sarcomas are ________ common than carcinomas and tend to spread ____________ rapidly. | Bone, Muscle and Cartilage; Less common than carcinomas but spread more rapidly. |
| What is the major metastatic route of carcinomas especially of the _______ and ___________. | Lung and Breast; Lymphatic spread |
| What determines the most appropriate therapy for malignant tumors? | Staging |
| _____________ diseases are present at birth. | Congenital |
| The diseases that pass from one generation to the next are _____________ diseases and are carried in the ___________ of each cell. | Hereditary; Nucleus |
| True or False? Symptoms of Hereditary diseases will be present at birth. | False |
| ____________ is characterized by impairment of cellular immunity that results in recurrent opportunistic infections. | AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| AIDS is caused by infection with _____________ known as HIV:____________ ___________ Virus. | Retroviruses; Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| The most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver is ______________. | Hepatitis |
| Most common causes of Hepatitis are __________ infections or reactions to _________ and _________. | Viral; Drugs & toxins |
| 4 viral types of Hepatitis: | A,B,C,E |
| Hepatitis ____ is contracted by exposure to contaminated blood or blood products or through _________ _________. | B; Sexual Contact |
| Health Care Workers are more susceptible to this virus: ____________ ___ | Hepatitis B |
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foster1317
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