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Integrated Science
chapter 5 the periodic table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| periodic table | an arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row. |
| How did Mendeleev organize the elements on his periodic table? | Mendeleev arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column. |
| What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev's table. | The close match between Mendeleev's predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed how useful his periodic table could be. |
| period | Each row in the table of elements is a period. |
| group | Each column on the periodic table is called a group. |
| periodic law | The pattern of repeating properties. |
| atomic mass unit (amu) | Defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. |
| metals | Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. |
| transition metals | Elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table. |
| nonmetals | Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current. |
| metalloids | Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals. |
| How is the modern periodic table organized? | In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons). |
| What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? | Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when the atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. |
| What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? | Atomic mass is a value that depends on the Distribution of an elements isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes. |
| How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table? | Across a period from left to right , the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties. |
| valence electron | an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. |
| alkali metals alkaline earth metals | The elements in group 1A of the periodic table, not including hydrogen. |
| halogens | The elements in group 7A are called halogens. |
| noble gases | The elements in group 8A are called noble gases. |
| Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? | Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. |
| What are some properties of the A groups in the periodic table? | The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of Group 1A to the bottom. Differences in reactivity among with the alkaline earth metals are shown by the ways they react with cold water. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust. |
| alkaline earth metals | The elements in group 2A are called alkaline earth metals. |
| What are some of the properties of the A groups in the periodic table? (continued) | Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain carbon. Besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus. Despite their physical differences, the halogens have similar chemical properties. The noble gases are colourless and |
| (continued) | odorless and extremely unreactive. |
Created by:
z7373
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