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Skull & Facial Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the skull is comprised of how many different bones | 22 |
| how many cranial bones in the skull, and what is their function | 8 *protection for brain |
| how many facial bones, and what is their function | 14 *provide structure, shape, and support for the face and also protect upper ends of the respiratory and digestive tract |
| there are two subdivisions of the cranial bones. what are they | *calvaria(the cap) *floor(has 3 levels)-anterior fossa/middle fossa/posterior fossa |
| inner layer of spongy bone separating two outer plates of compact tissue in flat bones | diploe |
| narrow branchlike grooves which cover the internal surface of the cranial bones | meningeal grooves |
| larger channels on the internal surface of cranial bones, which lodge blood blood vessels | sulci |
| what are the 4 cranial bones that make up the cap | *frontal bone *occipital bone *R. parietal *L. parietal |
| what are the 4 cranial bones that make up the floor | *ethmoid(anterior fossa) *sphenoid(middle fossa) *R. temporal(posterior fossa) *L. temporal |
| what are the 14 facial bones | *R & L nasal *R & L lacrimal *R & L maxillary *R & L zygomatic *R & L palantine *R & L inferior nasal conchae *vomer *mandible |
| fibrous, immovable, synarthroidal, joints that connect cranial and facial bones | sutures |
| between frontal and prietal bones | coronal suture |
| on top of head between two parietal bones | sagital suture |
| between temporal bone and the parietal bones(paired) | squamosal sutures |
| between occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidal suture |
| junction of coronal and sagital sutures | bregma |
| junction of sagital and lambdoidal suture | lambda |
| junction of the parietal bone, squamosal suture, and the greater wing of spenoid | pterion |
| junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone | asterion |
| areas of incomplete ossification in infant skulls(aka soft spots)6 in total | fontanels |
| what age is adult cranial size reached | age 12 |
| what are the names of the 4 fontanels before closure | *anterior *posterior *mastoid *sphenoidal |
| what are the names of the 4 fontanels after closure | *bregma *lambda *asterion *pterion |
| what is acephalus | w/o a head |
| what is dicephalus or bicephalus | two heads |
| macrocephalus | big head |
| hydrocephalus | fluid in the skull |
| microcephalus | small head |
| the cranial floor or base of the skull is internally divided into how many regions | 3 |
| houses frontal lobes of cerebrum, frontal ethmoid, and extends from anterior frontal bone to lesser wings of sphenoid | anterior cranial fossa |
| houses temporal lobes, and extends from lesser wings of sphenoid to apices of petrous ridges | middle cranial fossa |
| deep depression posterior to petrous ridges;protects cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata | posterior cranial fossa |
| what are the 6 aspects of the skull | *frontal(anterior) *lateral *posterior(occipital) *vertex(crown) *basal(inferior surface) |
| petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at angle of 47 degrees from MSP | mesocephalic or typical skull |
| petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at angle of 54 degrees from MSP, it is also short from front to back, broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base | brachycephalic skull |
| petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at angle of 40 degrees from MSP;long front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base | dolichocephalic skull |
| rounded knob like portions of frontal bone | frontal eminences |
| where eyebrow sit on skull | superciliary arch |
| foramina on supraorbital margin | supraorbital foramina |
| contained between the two squama on each side of MSP, posterior to supraorbital margin | frontal sinuses |
| consists of a horizontal plate(cribiform plate), vertical plates(crista gali,superiorly & perpendicular plate Inferiorly), two light, spongy masses(labrynths) | ethmoid |
| there are how many labrynth articulations | 15 |
| prominent bulge near center of external surface of each parietal bone | parietal eminence |
| irregular, wedge shaped bone that resembles a bat. located in base of cranium, anterior to temporal bones and basilar portion of occipital bone | sphenoid bone |
| sphenoid consists of what | *body *two lesser wings *two greater wings *two pterygoid processes |
| body of sphenoid contains what | *sella turcica *two sphenoid sinuses |
| what are the parts of the sella turcica | *tuberculum sellae *dorsum sellae *posterior clinoid processes *anterior clinoid processes |
| continuous with basilar area of occipital, supports pons of brain | clivus |
| extends across anterior portion of tuberculum sellae. groove ends on each side @ the optic canal | optic groove |
| opening into the apex of orbit for transmission of optic nerve and ophthalmic artery | optic canal |
| which cranial bones make up the orbits | *zygoma *maxilla *lacrimal *ethmoid *frontal *sphenoid *palantine |
| small u-shaped bone situated at the base of tongue/only bone in body that does not articulate with another bone | hyoid bone |
| extend diagonally and inferiorly from lateral walls of nasal cavity at its lower third | inferior nasal conchae |
| what two bones make up the nasal septum | ethmoid and vomer |
| what is the largest immovable facial bone | maxilla |
| transfers recurrent meningeal nerve and meningeal artery/located on greater wing of sphenoid | foramen spinosum |
| transfers mandibular nerve(third branch of trigeminal nerve/located on greater wing of sphenoid | foramen ovale |
| transfers maxilary branch of trigeminal nerve/located on greater wing of sphenoid | foramen rotundum |
| leads into carotid canal | foramen lacerum |
| what are the three auditory ausicles | *mallus *incus *stapes |
Created by:
bigad1982
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