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Radiation Physics 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of matter and energy and their interactions | physics |
| the study of composition, properties and behavior of matter/study of atoms and their interactions | chemistry |
| what does CGS stand for | centimeter, gram , second system of measurement |
| what does MKS stand for | meter, kilogram, second system of measurement/also called SI(standard international) |
| how many centimeters in an inch | 2.54 |
| how many kilograms in a pound | 2.2 |
| distance traveled by light in 1/299,792,468 second | meter |
| quantity of matter | mass |
| a push or pull exerted on an object | force |
| ability to work/force applied over distance | energy |
| measurement of energy | joule |
| energy in use | kinetic energy |
| stored energy | potential energy |
| rate of doing work | power |
| measurement of power | watt or kilowatt(amperage x voltage) |
| product of mass of an object x velocity | momentum(kg x m/s) |
| speed measured in m/s | velocity |
| how is acceleration and deceleration measured | meters per second squared |
| measure or quantity of ionizations produced in air by x or gamma rays. what is the unit of measure | *exposure *R(roentgen) *(SI)unit is Air Kerma and its measurement is the Gray |
| unit of electrical quantity | coulomb |
| any type of patient dose is considered what | absorbed dose |
| what is the measurement for absorbed dose | RAD(radiation absorbed dose) *1 Gray(Gy) is = 100 RAD |
| measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue *this is use to determine radiation weighting or quality factor | Linear Energy Transfer(LET) measured in KeV/micrometer |
| KeV | kiloelectronvolt |
| x and gamma rays have high or low LET? | low (more penetrating than other forms of radiation) |
| Beta, Alpha and Neutron particles have high or low LET? | High (less penetrating) |
| gives off most or all of its energy @ skin level and produces higher # of ionizations, and therefore have a high linear energy transfer | particulate radiation |
| considered high speed particulate radiation | Beta particles |
| effective @ treating lesions @ or near skin surface, due to its lack of penetrating power | Neutron particles |
| man made radiation, comes from outside nucleus | x radiation |
| naturally occurring radiation, comes from within nucleus and is more penetrating than xrays | gamma radiation |
| personnel dose measurement of quantity and quality for radiation. what is the unit of measurement | dose equivalent *unit of measure is REM *(SI) unit of measure is sV(sievert) *1 sV= 100 REM |
| how is REM calculated | RAD(Gray) x weighting factor |
| rate of decay(break down)of radioactive material | radioactivity |
| what is the unit of measure for radioactivity | Curie(Ci) *SI unit of measure is Becquerel(Bq) |
| discovered radium in 1898 | Marie Curie |
| discovered uranium in 1896 | Henry becquerel |
| the time required for a radioactive material to breakdown until it reaches an energy that is half its original intensity of radiation | Half Life |
| the time it take for the body to metabolize and give of a radioactive material | Biological Half Life |
| anything that occupies space and has mass | matter |
| three forms of matter | solid, liquid , gas |
| released by chemical reaction | chemical energy |
| energy produced by moving something(potential and kinetic) | mechanical energy |
| movement of electrons or current | electrical energy |
| heat/transferred by conduction(touching), convection(mechanical transfer from hot gas or liquid to another place) and radiation/measured in fahrenheit, celsius or kelvin | thermal |
| xrays are a form of what kind of energy | electromagnetic |
| contained within nucleus of an atom | nuclear |
| what forms of radiation are considered non ionizing radiation | radio waves, microwaves, ingrared, and visible light |
| what are the ionizing forms of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum | ultraviolet, xray, gamma |
| decelerating or braking radiation;produced with low kVp,e- decelerates as it approaches an atom, it interacts with an outer shell electron,not enough energy to overcome k shell binding energy and changes direction, loses energy in form of a wavelength | bremsstrahlung radiation |
| makes up 10% of xray beam with higher kVp, e- posses enough energy of overcome the k shell binding energy of 69, causing the release of one electron and causing e- cascading | characteristic radiation |
| for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction | Newtons Law |
| property of matter that acts to resist a change in its state of motion (if something is moving in one direction, it would prefer to continue moving in that direction) | inertia |
| matter and energy can not be created nor destroyed, but changed from one form to another | Law of Conservation of Energy & Matter |
| breaking something apart or studying it | analysis |
| putting your data together to form a conclusion | synthesis |
| plan experiment, perform experiment, collect and analyze data and put it together to form your conclusion | Scientific Method |
| a proposed explanation or educated guess | hypothesis |
| a hypothesis that has been proven using scientific method | Scientific Law |
| smallest particle that has all the properties of an element | atom |
| substance that cant be broken down any further without changing its chemical properties | element |
| elements assigned to these, in periodic table, have similar properties. How many are there | *groups or families *8 |
| elements assigned to these, in a periodic table, have the same # of electron shells but different chemical properties. How many are there | *periods *7 |
| what is the formula for the number of electrons in a shell | 2n²(n= shell #) |
| # of protons in a nucleus(= to # of electrons) | atomic #(z#) |
| # of protons and neutrons in a nucleus | atomic mass(a#) |
| what are some causes of ionization | *exposure of matter to x or gamma *exposure of matter to stream of e- *spontaneous breakdown of radioactive nuclides *physical and biological half life *exposure of certain elements to light |
| two elements with the same atomic # but different atomic mass | isotope |
| states that an atom with 8 electrons in its outermost shell, cant chemically bind | Octet Rule |
| an element that cant chemically combine w/ anything else is what kind of element | inert element |
| beta particles penetrate how deep into skin | 5 cm |
| determines chemical binding ability of an atom | valence |
| covalent bonding | share e- |
| ionic bonds | attract and bind atoms together |
| electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds | molecule |
| pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions | compound |
| a biological entity | substance |
Created by:
bigad1982
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