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Phy Sci Mid term 7th
Mid term for Physical Science 7th grade Jan 2013
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motion | position changes relative to another object |
| Average speed | divide total distance by total time |
| Reference point | a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion |
| Instantaneous speed | is the speed at which an object is moving at a given instant in time |
| International System of Units | Scientist use a system measurement called |
| Velocity | speed in a given direction |
| Distance | the length of the path between two points |
| Slope | the steepness of a line graph |
| Speed | is the distance the objects moves per unit of time |
| Acceleration | as the rate at which velocity changes |
| Force | is a push or pull |
| Newton | strength of a force is measured in the SI unit called |
| Net force | the combination of all the forces on an object is called |
| Inertia | resistance to change in motion |
| Friction | the force that two surfaces exert on each other is called |
| Sliding friction | occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other |
| Static friction | acts between objects that aren’t moving |
| Rolling friction | when an object rolls across a surface |
| Fluid friction | when a solid object moves though fluid |
| Gravity | is a force that’s pulls objects toward each other |
| Mass | is a measure of the amount of matter an object has |
| Weight | is the measure of the force of gravity on an object |
| Free fall | when the only forces acting on an object is gravity |
| Centripetal force | a force that cause an object to move in a circular path |
| Satellite | are objects that orbit around other objects in space |
| Momentum | is a characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity |
| Buoyant force | water and other fluids an upwards force |
| Law of conservation of momentum | states that, in a absence of outside forces like friction, the total of the object does not change |
| Work | any time you exert a force that cause s the object to move some distance |
| Joule | the SI unit of work |
| Power | is the rate at which work is done |
| Watt | one joule of work done in one second |
| Machines | are devices that allow you to do work an easier way |
| Input force | when you do work, the force you exert |
| Output force | the machine exerts |
| Mechanical advantage | is the number of times a machine increases the force exerted on it |
| Compound Machine | a machine that combines two or more simple machines |
| Efficiency | a machine compares output work to input work |
| Inclined plane | is a flat, sloped surface |
| Wedge | a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge |
| Simple machine | is the most basic device for making work easier |
| Screw | an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder |
| Lever | is a rigid bar that free to pivot, or rotate, on a fixed point |
| Fulcrum | the fixed point that a lever pivots on |
| Wheel and axle | a simple machine made of two connected objects that rotate about a common axis |
| Pulley | is a simple machine made of a groved wheel with a rope or cable around it |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| Kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
| Potential energy | energy that results from the position or shape of an object |
| Gravitational potential energy | potential energy related to an objects height |
| Elastic potential energy | the energy assoiated with objects that can be compressed or stretched |
| Mechanical energy | the form of energy associated with motion, position, or shape of an object |
| Thermal energy | the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object |
| Electrical energy | the energy of electric charges |
| Chemical energy-is potential energy stored in chemical bonds | |
| Nuclear energy | type of potential energy |
| Electromagnetic energy | also called radiant energy, is a form of energy that travels through space in waves |
| Energy transformation | a change from form of energy to another |
| Law of conservation of energy | stats that when one form of energy to another, no energy is lost in the progress |
| Wave | is a disturbance involving the transfer of energy from place to place? |
| Medium | the material which a wave travels through |
| Mechanical wave | waves that require a medium to travel |
| Vibration | is a repeated back and forth motion or up and down |
| Transverse wave | a wave that vibrates the medium at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction in which the wave travels |
| Crest | a high point on a transverse wave |
| Trough | a low point on a transverse wave |
| Longitudinal wave | vibrates the medium in the same direction in which the wave travels |
| Compression | an area where the coils are close together |
| Rarefaction | and are where the coils are spread out |
| Amplitude | is the maximum distance the medium vibrates from the rest position |
| Wavelength | the distance between the two corresponding waves |
| Frequency | the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time |
| Hertz (Hz) - frequency is measured in units called | |
| Reflection | when a wave hits a surface, any part of the wave that cannot pass through bounces back |
| Resonance | is an increase of in the amplitude of a vibration that occurs when the external vibrations match an object’s natural frequency |
| Refraction | is the bending of the wave =s due to change inn speed |
| Diffraction | when a wave moves around a barrier or through an opening in barrier it bends spears out |
| Interference | is the interaction between waves that meet |
| Constructive interference | interference in which waves combine to form a wave with larger amplitude than an individual wave’s amplitude |
| Destructive interference | Interface in which two waves combine to a wave with smaller amplitude than either original wave had |
| Standing wave | is a wave that appears to stand in one place, even though it’s though it is two waves interfering as they pass through each other |
| Node | in a standing wave, destructive interference produces points with zero amplitude |
| Antinodes | points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave |
| Acceleration | (net force)/Mass |
| Speed | Distance/Time |
| Speed | Wavelength × Frequency |
| Acceleration | Net Force / Mass |
| Momentum | Mass × Velocity |
| Work | Force × Distance |
| Power | Work / Time |
| Power | Energy Transferred / Time |
| Kinetic energy | ½ × Mass × velocity 2 |
| Mechanical Energy | Kinetic + Potential Energy |
| Speed | Wavelength × Frequency |
| Most common energy transformation | The transformation between potential energy and kinetic energy |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | An object at rest or constant velocity will remain at rest or constant velocity unless acted upon by a nonzero net force when a car stops sudenlly you keep going |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | An object's acceleration depends on its mass and on the net force acting on it i.e pushing a ball |
| Newton's Third law of Motion | If one object exerts force on another object, then the second object exerts force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object i.e Rocket accelerating in space |
Created by:
FASnyder
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