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Logical Fallacies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Undefined Term | The writer fails to provide a clear definition of a term important to his/her argument |
| Ad hominem | Attacks the person, not the issue |
| Name calling | Assigning someone to a particular group by calling him or her a name |
| False Dilemma | The writer suggests that the alternative to his/her argument is extremely negative and there is no other option (OR) |
| Inadequate Sampling | Writer generalizes from too small a sampling of evidence |
| Bandwagon | Do it/buy it/vote for it because everybody else does |
| Non-sequitur | One thing doesn't logically follow another |
| Argument to authority | The writer whose argument is weak resorts to citing some authority whose pronouncements they assume the reader will accept as sufficient |
| False analogy | The author presents an analogy between two ideas or events which are not analogous; that is, not comparable in a logical sense |
| Undocumented assertion | The writer or speaker makes a confident assertion but backs it up with no evidence |
| Argument ad misericordium | Argument attempts to evoke pity for the writer or the writer's position |
| Appeal to novelty | The writer argues that because something is new it is better |
| Fallacy of exclusion | Contains an argument. There is information left out that would change the outcome of the argument (leaves out info) |
| Begging the question | To claim as true a premise that is an assumption that is not proven and with which the reader must agree in order to agree with the conclusion |
| Straw man | The writer attacks a position which is different from, and weaker than, the opposition's real position (leaves out info) |
| Appeal to consequences | The writer points to the disagreeable consequences of holding a particular belief in order to show that this belief is false (THEN) |
| Post hoc ergo propter hoc | Assuming a cause/effect relationship between two events because one happens after the other |
Created by:
maia.pie
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