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Logical Fallacies

QuestionAnswer
Undefined Term The writer fails to provide a clear definition of a term important to his/her argument
Ad hominem Attacks the person, not the issue
Name calling Assigning someone to a particular group by calling him or her a name
False Dilemma The writer suggests that the alternative to his/her argument is extremely negative and there is no other option (OR)
Inadequate Sampling Writer generalizes from too small a sampling of evidence
Bandwagon Do it/buy it/vote for it because everybody else does
Non-sequitur One thing doesn't logically follow another
Argument to authority The writer whose argument is weak resorts to citing some authority whose pronouncements they assume the reader will accept as sufficient
False analogy The author presents an analogy between two ideas or events which are not analogous; that is, not comparable in a logical sense
Undocumented assertion The writer or speaker makes a confident assertion but backs it up with no evidence
Argument ad misericordium Argument attempts to evoke pity for the writer or the writer's position
Appeal to novelty The writer argues that because something is new it is better
Fallacy of exclusion Contains an argument. There is information left out that would change the outcome of the argument (leaves out info)
Begging the question To claim as true a premise that is an assumption that is not proven and with which the reader must agree in order to agree with the conclusion
Straw man The writer attacks a position which is different from, and weaker than, the opposition's real position (leaves out info)
Appeal to consequences The writer points to the disagreeable consequences of holding a particular belief in order to show that this belief is false (THEN)
Post hoc ergo propter hoc Assuming a cause/effect relationship between two events because one happens after the other
Created by: maia.pie
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