Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ScienceMidterm!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Presupposition | An idea that has not been proved but that we use as a basis for proving other things |
| World view | Outlook from which a person interprets life |
| Creation Mandate | God's commandment to man to have dominion over creation; we are to figure out ways to maximize the usefulness of our resources |
| Scientism | The belief that the only things we can know with confidence are the things we learn theough scientific study |
| Pseudoscience | "false science" created when the Bible is used in science |
| Model | Anything that is a simplified depiction of a far more complex object or concept |
| Physical model | Model that is actually a physical object |
| Conceptual model | Allows a person to organize what he has observed into an understandable idea |
| workability | The key to a good model |
| What Science is not 1.___2.___3.___4.___ | a source of settled truth, a progression toward the correct view of the world, completely objective, not always based no direct observations |
| Historical Science | study of evidence for where the physical and living things of the world came from; origins science |
| Inference | suggesting causes for objects or processes that exist today based on events or processes that one believes could have existed in the past |
| Paradigm | scientific knowledge and point of view |
| Phenomena | things or events observed to exist or occur |
| laws | statement often expressed as a mathematical equation that models or describes the relationship among natural phenomena under specified conditions |
| physical science | composed of physics and chemistry |
| hypothesis | educated, scientific guess; temporary explanation of a phenomenon; starting point for further investigation |
| physics | study of matter and energy and how they interact |
| chemistry | the study of the structure, composition, and properties of matter and how matter acts in the presence of other matter |
| steps to the scientific method 1.___2.___3.___4.___5.___ | ask scientific questions, suggest a hypothesis, test the hypotheses (collect data), evaluate the hypothesis, report conclusions |
| qualitative data | documents observations that cannot be numerically measured. i.e. behavior, patterns, description |
| quantitative data | information obtained from measures |
| operational science | developing answers to natural world questions by directly testing and observing present day phenomena;i.e. identify and catalog |
| theoretical science | research to discover new facts about the natural world i.e. data from space probes or dig sites |
| applied science | research to discover new ways to use scientific knowledge. i.e. new building materials, designing more efficient cars, and inventing higher speed communications |
| dominion science | using science to fulfill the creation mandate in having dominion ober the earth and using it to its fullest extent |
| 1st and 2nd greatest commandments | we can use science to love God and love others. We can love God by using his creation and giving Him the glory for it. We can love others through science by using it to benefit, not hurt, others |
| matter | anything that occupies a volume of space and has mass |
| nonmatter | light waves, heat, soundwaves |
| molecules | formed when two or more atoms bond together |
| atoms | most common and basic particle of matter; made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| mixture | combination of two or more substances |
| homogenous | particles are roughly the same size and are evenly mixed together, visually and microscopically uniform |
| heterogenous | large clumps of distinctly different kinds of matter, not uniform |
| viscosity | the resistance of liquids to flow; influenced by attraction between particles and thes speed of particle vibration influence viscosity |
| physical properties | feature that can be observed or measured without altering the kind of matter being studeid; i.e. color, density, hardness, electrical conductivity, texture, and physical state |
| chemical properties | how a substance changes in the presence of another substance; occurs when bonds between atoms break and form new bonds; i.e. flammability, corrosiveness, rusting |
| ion | charged atoms with too many or too few electrons |
| lubricant | substances that reduce friction between sliding surfaces by maintaining a thin film of liquid between them |
| fluid | substances with the ability to flow; i.e. liquids, gases |
| solution | another name for a homogenous mixture that is visually and microscopically uniform |
| thermal energy | amount of movement of the particles of a substance; determines the temperature |
| amorpheous | particles are in a fixed but random arrangement with no repeated pattern; i.e. glass, wax |
| crystaline | orderly particle arrangement with a repeated pattern; i.e. quartz, sugar, salt |
| heterogenous | arrangement of many materials whose atoms bond together; no orderly pattern but still has an underlying structure; i.e. wood, bone |
| Qualitative | Precise word descriptions |
| Quantitative | Numerical data |
| Units | Segment of a dimension assigned to the value of one for measuring purposes |
| Error | difference between a measurement and the dimensions actual value |
| Reasons for error | Instrument marking size, environmental conditions, observer's use of instruments, instrument defects, damaged instruments, bad measuring conditions |
| Accuracy | Assessment of the measurement error; how close a measurement is to the actual value |
| Precision | Assessment of the exactness of a measurement; evaluates how exactly a measurement was made |
| Significant digits | System developed to communicate the precision of measurements |
| SD rule 1 | Sig digs only apply to measured data |
| SD rule 2 | All nonzero digits are significant |
| SD rule 3 | All zeros between nonzero digits are significant |
| SD rule 4 | Decimal points define significant zeros; all zeros to the right of a decimal point are significant; if there is no decimal point then all trailing zeros are not significant; all zeros to the left of the first nonzero are not significant |
| Adding or subtracting sig digs | The precision of the answer must have the same precision as the least precise data given |
| Multiplying or dividing sig digs | A product or quotient cannot have more SDs than the measurement with the fewest SDs |
| SI system | Global metric system |
| SI unit of length | Meter |
| SI unit of mass | kilogram |
| SI unit of time | second |
| SI unit of electric current | ampere |
| SI unit of absolute temperature | Kelvin |
| SI unit of the Amount of a substance | mole |
| SI unit of Radiant intensity | candela |
| System | Everything inside an imaginary boundary surrounding the object and its processes; defines the factors to take into account |
| Vector | Measurable quantity with both value and direction |
| Displacement | Vector quantity; straight line from start to finish |
| Instantaneous speed | Actual speed at any instant |
| Average speed | Total distance divided by total time |
| Velocity | Rate of displacement; dusplacement over time interval; vector quantity |
| Speed | Rate of motion; scalar quantity |
| Statics | The description of how stationary things react to pushes and pulls |
| Kinematics | The description of how things move |
| Dynamics | The description of what causes things to move |
| Contact force | Acts only when one system touches another; caused by the attraction or repulsion of particles |
| Field force | Force exerted on an object by the spatial region surrounding an object |
| Weight and mass | Directly proportional; more mass means more weight |
| Distance and gravitational attraction | Not directly proportional but greater distance means less gravitational attraction |
| Inertia | Objects at rest remain atrest and objests in motion continue in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force |
| How force increases | When mass or acceleration increase |
| Equilibrium | When there is no net force acting on the system |
| Distance and time | Directly proportional |
| Mass and gravitational attraction | Directly proportional |
| Static friction | Acts between stationary objects |
| Kinetic friction | Actscbetween sliding objects |
| Rolling friction | Acts between rolling objects |
| Fluid friction | Acts between a liquid or gas and moving objects |
| Air resistance | Acts between air and moving objects |
| Energy | Operationally defined as the ability to do work; measured in joules |
| Kinetic energy | Energy of motion; depends on mass and speed |
| Potential energy | Energy of position or energy of condition |
| Fusion | Nuclei are smashed together to form a larger one |
| Fission | Large nuclei are split into smaller ones |
| Elastic collision | Objects collide and rebound so their momentium and kinetic energy are the same before and after the collision |
| Partially elastic collision | After collision objects deform in some way |
| Inelastic collision | Colliding objects stick together after collision |
| Thermal energy | Sum of the kinetic energiesof all the particles of an object |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just forms changed |
| Mechanical work | Occurs when a force acts on an object to move it in a direction parallel to the force vector |
| Power | The rate of doing work; power (J/s) = work (J) / time interval (s) |
| Watt | SI unit of power |
| Machines | Reduce the toil of work; allow us to do tasks that would be difficult or impossible to do without them |
| Efficiency | Never 100%; ratio of work obtained over work put in; work out/ work in |
| Mechanical advantage | AMA is determined by measurements of work input and output; IMA is determined from the dimensions of the simple machine; measure of the reduction in effort to do a certain amount of work when using a simple machine |
| Lever | Rigid bar that rests on a pivot point (fulcrum); first class EFR; second class ERF; third class REF |
| Wheel | Used to continually apply force to a load |
| Screw | Uses the incline plane concept to exert a large amount of force to hold objects together; composed ofa long thin wedge wrapped around a shaft; ridges are called threads |
| Pulley | Wheel witha groove around its outer circumference mounted on an axle |
| Wedge | Application of an incline plane; three dimensional object that exerts a force to spread material apart as it is forced into the material |
| Fluid mechanics | Study of how fluids flow and how forces and energy are transmitted through fluids |
| Hydraulic machines | Composed of an effort piston, a resistance piston, and hydraulic fluid |
| Fluid pressure | At a given point in a body of water pressure is exerted equally in all directions |
| Boyle's law | Inverse relationship between volume and pressure of a confined gas |
| Charles's law | Volume of a fixed amount of gas changes in the same way as its absolute temperature at constant pressure |
| Buoyancy | Causes an object's weight in water to be less than out of water |
| Benjamin Thompson | Developed the Kinetic Molecular theory |
| Temperature | Directly related to the average kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules |
| Thermometer | Instrument that measures temperature |
| Fahrenheit scale | Developed by Gabriel Fahrenheit; fiducial points are 32 freezing and 212 boiling |
| Celsius scale | Developed by Anders Celsius; fiducail points 0 freezing 100 boiling |
| Kelvin scale | Developed by lord Kelvin; fiducial point the triple point of water |
| Fiducial points | Standards for measuring on a scale |
| Thermal expansion | Higher vibrations of particles cause expansion with increased heat |
| Heat | The flow of thermal energy from one place to another |
| Conduction | Thermal energy moves from the hotter to thecooler object when two objects touchuntil they reach thermal equilibrium |
| Convection | Thermal energy is carried from one location to another by a fluid |
| Radiation | The moving of electromagnetic energy through space |
Created by:
LNNestor
Popular Physical Science sets