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Other SC FINAL
science final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how to calculate atomic mass? | isotope x percent + isotope x percent |
| what is chemistry? | all forms of matter, including matter interacting with matter |
| what is physics? | energy and the way it affects matter |
| list the steps of the scientific method | ask a question/make observation, form hypothesis, make predictions, test hypo, analyze results, draw conclusions, comm results |
| what is a physical model? | look like what they represent |
| mathematical model | made up of mathematial equations/data (ex weather map) |
| conceptual model | system of idea and explain ideas x big bang theory |
| a unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations thata re supported by testing | theory |
| dif btwn scientific law and theory? | tell you what happened, not why |
| SI units for length, mass, volume, density, and temperature | meters m, kilogram kg or g, liter L or mill mL, g/mL or g'cm^3, Kelvins K |
| the ability to do work | energy |
| unit for energy | joules J |
| energy of motion | kinetic energy |
| energy an object has because of its position | potential energy |
| total energy of motion and position of object | mechanical energy |
| all of kinetic energy due to random motion of particles | thermal energy |
| energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged | chemical energy |
| energy of moving electrons | eletrical energy |
| caused by an object's vibrations | sound energy |
| produced by electrically charged particles, can be transferred through no matter | light energy |
| splitting nucleus energy | nuclear energy |
| how to convert mass to weight | multiply by grav force |
| group of objects that transfer energy only to each other | closed system |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or dstroyed |
| why is perpetual motion impossible? | because some thermal energy results from conversions |
| comparison of amount of energy beore and after conversion | energy efficiency |
| measure of avg kinetic energy of particles in an object | temperature |
| why does temperature not depend on amount? | atoms have same kinetic energy |
| temp where all molecular motions stops | absolute zero (K) |
| increase in volume of substance because of increase in temp, particles mvoe faster | thermal expansion |
| energy transferred between objects at different temperatures | heat |
| total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance | thermal energy, in J |
| how will objects transfer energy? | from higher thermal energy to lower, until have same temp |
| amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree C | specific heat |
| joining of atoms to form new substances | chemical bonding |
| rule of valence electrons | 1-2 have same # as group #, 3-12 none, 13-18 have 10 fewer than number except He |
| what is an ionic bond? | bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atoms between metals and nonmetals |
| two types of ions | cation (+) and anion (-) |
| charged particle that forms when atoms gain or lose electrons | ion |
| properties of ionic compounds | brittle, high metling/boiling pt, soluble, conductors |
| octet rule | atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons |
| covalent bond? | atoms share on or more pairs of electrons, btwn 2 nonmetals |
| properties of covalents | brittle in solid, low melting/boiling |
| diatomic elements | Cl I F Br HON |
| what are diatomic elements? | elements made of diatomic molecules (made of two atoms) |
| consists of two positive atoms joined in definite ratio | molecule |
| metallic bond? | formed by attraction btwn pos metal ions and electrons in metal |
| properties? | conductors, malleable, ductile |
| what is a wave? | any disurbance that transmits eneryg through matter or MT space |
| how to surface waves mvoe? | in circles, forward at crest amd backwards at trough |
| what are inversely related? and how? | f and wavelength; frequency doubles, wavelength cut half |
| long waves are diffracted how much? | more, shorter are less |
| what happens if barriers/openings are larger and small? | larger=small diffraction, smaller=larger diffracton |
| when an object vibrating near the resonant frequency of a second object, causing it to vbibrate | resonance |
| frequency at which standing waves are made | resonant frequencies |
| where certain parts are always rest position because of destructive interference | standing waves |
| what is an isotope? | an atom that has the same number of protons but dif neutrons |
| process in which one or more substances change to make 1+ new substances | chemical reaction |
| solid substance that is formed in a solution | precipitate |
| do ionic compounds use the binary naming system? | no |
| who uses that binary naming system? | covalent compounds |
| law of conservation of mass | mass neither created nor destroyed |
| what are blancing equations? | mass of reactants = mass of products |
| 2 pluys substances bcombine to form new compound | synthesis reaction |
| give an eaxmple: | table salt |
| single compound breaks down | decomposition reaction |
| single displacement reaction | AB+C-> A+BC |
| how can elements displace/replace each other? | the more reactive element can replace the less reactive one |
| which group of nonmetals participates in single-replacement reactions? | halogens 17 |
| ions from two compounds exchange places | double displacement reaction |
| what is the product of a dd reaction? | often a precipitate |
| reaction when energy is released | exothermic |
| reaction when energy is gained | endothermic |
| what do exothermic and endothermic feel like on the outside? | exo-warm, endo-cold |
| example of endothermic? | photoshynthesis |
| energy released in exo is stored in | reactants |
| energy released in endo is stored in | products |
| four factors that affect rate of a reaction | temp, concentration, surface area, presence of an inhibitor or catalyst |
| properties of ionic compounds | brittle, high melting points, soluble, conduct current |
| properties of covalent compounds | low solubility, low melting/boiling points, mostly uncharged |
| any compound that increases number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water | acid |
| " hydroxide ions " | base |
| properties of acids | corrosive, conduct electricity, sour |
| properties of bases | bitter, slippery, corrosive, conduct electric current |
| if all molecules of an acid/base break, it is called a | strong acid/base |
| is few molecules of an acid/base break, it is called a | weak acid/base |
| reaction between acid and bases, react to form water | neutralizatin reaction |
| measure of the hydronium ion ocncentration in the solution | pH |
| covalent compounds composed of carbon-based molecules | organic compounds |
| organic compounds with only carbon and hydrogen | hydrocarbons |
| what is a saturated hydrocarbon/alkane | each C atom shares a single bond with other four |
| what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? | at least one pair of C atoms shares double or triple bond |
| compounds with double bonded are called _____, triple bonded are ________ | alkenes, alkynes |
| what are aromatic compounds based on? | benzene, ring of six carbon with alternating double/single bonds, strong odors |
| organic compounds made by living things | biochemicals |
| for types of biochems? | carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids |
| what are carbohydrates composed of? | simple sugar molecules? |
| biochemis that don't dissolve in water | lipids |
| biochemicals made of amino acids | proteins |
| amino acids are made of which elements? | C, H, O, and sometimes S |
| biochems made of nucleotides | nucleic acids |
| what are nucleic acids made of? | CHONP |
| what is the binary compound naming system for? | covalents, keep first name, change ending to -ide |
Created by:
Tsarmina
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