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semester review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dependent variable | factor that changes as a result of changes in the other variable. |
| constant | in an experiment, a variable that does not change when other variables change |
| control | standard used for comparison of test results |
| independent variable | factor that, as it changes affects the measure of another variable. |
| theory | explanation of things or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations. |
| scientific law | statement about what happens in a nature that seems to be true all the time; does not explain why or how something happens. |
| acceleration | rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by dividing the change in the velocity by the time it takes the change to occur. |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object. |
| inertia | resistance of a n object to a change in its motion. |
| velocity | the speed and direction of a moving object. |
| speed | distance an object travels per unit of time. |
| newtons 1st law of motion | |
| newtons 2nd law of motion | states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that the acceleration equals the net force divided by the mass |
| newtons 3rd law of motion | states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction. |
| friction | force that opposes the sliding motion between two touching surfaces. |
| kinetic energy | energy a moving object has because of its motion; depends on the mass and speed of the object. |
| potential energy | stored energy an object has due to its position |
| law of conservation of energy | statess that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created or destroyed. |
| mechanical energy | sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy in a system. |
| simple machine | machine that does work with only one movement lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, and wedge. |
| compound machine | machine that is a combination of two or more simple machines. |
| efficiency | ratio of the output work done by the machine to the input work done on the machine, expressed as a percentage. |
| conduction | transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in a matter at a higher temperature and particles in matter at a lower temperature. |
| convection | transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from one place to another. |
| radiation | transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| heat | thermal energy that flows from a warmer material to a cooler material. |
| insulator | material in which electrons are not able to move easily. |
| conductor | material, such as copper wire, in which electrons can move easily. |
| temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. |
| length | meter |
| mass | grams |
| volume | milliliter |
| density | grams per cubic centimeter |
| work | joule |
| energy | joule |
| force | newton |
| speed | distance per unit of time |
| acceleration | meter per second squared |
| time | |
| temperature |
Created by:
jacobbarnes1
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