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ch. 9

Psych. FINAL

QuestionAnswer
A device we use to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness Availability heuristic
Sounds made as a result of an infant's experimentation with a complex range of phonemes, which includes consonants as well as vowels; starts around 5-6 months Babbling
Judgments about causation of one thing by another Casual inferences
A concept that organizes other concepts around what they all share in common Category
Changes in adult speech patters-apparently universal- when speaking to young children or infants; characterized by higher pitch, changes in voice volume, use of simpler sentences, emphasis of the here and now Child-directed speech
Mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge Cognition
The science of how people think, learn, remember, and perceive Cognitive Psychology
Arrangement of related concepts in a particular way, with some being general and others specific Concept Heirarchy
A mental grouping of objects, events, or people Concept
The tendency to selectively attend to info. that supports one's general beliefs while ignoring information or evidence that contradicts one's beliefs Confirmation bias
The first sounds humans make other than crying; occurs during first 6 months of life Cooing
Process by which one analyzes, evaluates, and forms ideas Critical thinking
Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions Deductive Reasoning
The entire set of rules for combining symbols and sounds to speak and write a particular language Grammar
Mental shortcuts; methods for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgments Heuristics
A communication system specific to Homo Sapiens; it is open and symbolic, has rules of grammar, and allows its users to express abstract and distant ideas Human language
Reasoning to general conclusion from specific evidenct Inductive Reasoning
An innate, biologically based capacity to acquire language, proposed by Noam Chomsky as part of his nativist view of language Language acquisition device (LAD)
The proposition that our language determines our way of thinking and our perceptions of the world; the view taken by Sapir and Whorf Linguistic Determinism hypothesis
A structure in our mind-- such as an idea or image-- that stands for something else, such as the external object or thing sensed in the past or future, not the present Mental representation
Process of imagining an object turning in three-dimensional space Mental rotation
Process that includes the ability to think and then to reflect on one's own thinking Metacognitive thinking
The idea that we discover language rather than learn it; that language development is inborn Nativist view of language
single words, such as mama, dada, more, or no!, occurs around 12 months of age One-word utterances
Very rudimentary language, also known as pre-language protolanguage
The best-fitting examples of a category Prototypes
The process of drawing inferences or conclusions from principles and evidence Reasoning
A strategy we use to estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event Representativeness heuristic
Process using the cognitive skills required to generate, test, and revise theories Scientific thinking
Stage when children begin speaking in fully grammatical sentences; usually age 2 and a half to 3 Sentence phase
The rules for arranging words and symbols to form sentences or parts of sentences in a particular language Syntax
Phrases children put together, starting around 18 months, such as my ball, mo wawa, or go way Two-word utterances
Visual representations created by the brain after the original stimulus is no longer present Visual imagery
Created by: shanncruz
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



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