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ch. 9
Psych. FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A device we use to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness | Availability heuristic |
| Sounds made as a result of an infant's experimentation with a complex range of phonemes, which includes consonants as well as vowels; starts around 5-6 months | Babbling |
| Judgments about causation of one thing by another | Casual inferences |
| A concept that organizes other concepts around what they all share in common | Category |
| Changes in adult speech patters-apparently universal- when speaking to young children or infants; characterized by higher pitch, changes in voice volume, use of simpler sentences, emphasis of the here and now | Child-directed speech |
| Mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge | Cognition |
| The science of how people think, learn, remember, and perceive | Cognitive Psychology |
| Arrangement of related concepts in a particular way, with some being general and others specific | Concept Heirarchy |
| A mental grouping of objects, events, or people | Concept |
| The tendency to selectively attend to info. that supports one's general beliefs while ignoring information or evidence that contradicts one's beliefs | Confirmation bias |
| The first sounds humans make other than crying; occurs during first 6 months of life | Cooing |
| Process by which one analyzes, evaluates, and forms ideas | Critical thinking |
| Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions | Deductive Reasoning |
| The entire set of rules for combining symbols and sounds to speak and write a particular language | Grammar |
| Mental shortcuts; methods for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgments | Heuristics |
| A communication system specific to Homo Sapiens; it is open and symbolic, has rules of grammar, and allows its users to express abstract and distant ideas | Human language |
| Reasoning to general conclusion from specific evidenct | Inductive Reasoning |
| An innate, biologically based capacity to acquire language, proposed by Noam Chomsky as part of his nativist view of language | Language acquisition device (LAD) |
| The proposition that our language determines our way of thinking and our perceptions of the world; the view taken by Sapir and Whorf | Linguistic Determinism hypothesis |
| A structure in our mind-- such as an idea or image-- that stands for something else, such as the external object or thing sensed in the past or future, not the present | Mental representation |
| Process of imagining an object turning in three-dimensional space | Mental rotation |
| Process that includes the ability to think and then to reflect on one's own thinking | Metacognitive thinking |
| The idea that we discover language rather than learn it; that language development is inborn | Nativist view of language |
| single words, such as mama, dada, more, or no!, occurs around 12 months of age | One-word utterances |
| Very rudimentary language, also known as pre-language | protolanguage |
| The best-fitting examples of a category | Prototypes |
| The process of drawing inferences or conclusions from principles and evidence | Reasoning |
| A strategy we use to estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event | Representativeness heuristic |
| Process using the cognitive skills required to generate, test, and revise theories | Scientific thinking |
| Stage when children begin speaking in fully grammatical sentences; usually age 2 and a half to 3 | Sentence phase |
| The rules for arranging words and symbols to form sentences or parts of sentences in a particular language | Syntax |
| Phrases children put together, starting around 18 months, such as my ball, mo wawa, or go way | Two-word utterances |
| Visual representations created by the brain after the original stimulus is no longer present | Visual imagery |
Created by:
shanncruz
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