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Ch.2
Psych. FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A statistical, inferential test that compares two means | ANOVA |
| Measures based on systematic observation of people's actions, either in their normal environment or in a laboratory setting | Behavioral measures |
| A study design in which a psychologist, often a therapist, observes one person over a long period of time | Case Study |
| Variable whose influence on the dependent variable cannot be separated from the independent variable being examined | Confounding Variable |
| A group of research participants who are treated in exactly the same manner as the experimental group, except that they do not receive the independent variable or treatment | Control Group |
| A statistic that ranges from -1.0 to +1.0 and assesses the strength and direction of association between two variables | Correlation coefficient |
| Studies that measure two or more variables and their relationship (correlation) to one another; not designed to show causation | Correlation Designs |
| The explanation of the purposes of a study following data collection | Debriefing |
| In an experiment, the outcome or response to the experimental manipulation | Dependent Variable |
| Study designs in which the researcher defines a problem and variable of interest but makes no prediction and does not control or manipulate anything | Descriptive Designs |
| Techniques that show what observations collected in research actually look like, by summarizing and describing data | Descriptive Statistics |
| Studies in which neither the participants nor the researchers administering the treatment know who has been assigned to the experimental or control group | Double-blind Studies |
| The rules governing the conduct of a person or group in general or in a specific situation-- more simply, standards of right and wrong | ethics |
| A research design that includes independent and dependent variables and random assignments of participants to control and experimental groups or conditions | Experiment |
| A group consisting of those participants who will receive the treatment or whatever is predicted to change behavior | Experimental group |
| The number of times a particular score occurs in a set of data | Frequency |
| A specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a particular set of conditions in a research design | Hypothesis |
| A property that is manipulated by the experimenter under controlled conditions to determine whether it causes the predicted outcome of an experiment | Independent variable |
| Allow us to test hypotheses and make an inference as to how likely the results of a study can be generalized to the greater population | Inferential Statistics |
| Organizations that evaluate proposed research before it is conducted to make sure research involving humans does not cause undue harm or distress | Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) |
| The arithmetic average of a series of numbers | Mean |
| The tools and techniques used to assess thought or behavior are called | Measures |
| The score that separates the lower half of scores from the upper half | Median |
| Research technique for combining all research results on one question and drawing a conclusion | Meta-analysis |
| A statistic that represents the most commonly occurring score or value | Mode |
| A study in which the researcher unobtrusively observes and records behavior in the real world | Naturalistic oberservation |
| Measures of bodily responses, such as blood pressure or heart rate, used to determine changes in psychological state | Psychological Measures |
| A substance or treatment that appears identical to the actual treatment but lacks the active substance | Placebo |
| The entire group a researcher is interested in | Population |
| Claims presented as scientific that are not supported by evidence obtained by the scientific method | Pseudoscience |
| Research method similar to an experimental design except that it makes use of naturally occurring groups rather than randomly assigning subjects to groups | Quasi-experimental design |
| The method used to assign participants to different research conditions so that all participants have the same chance of being an any specific group | Random assignment |
| The repetition of a study to confirm the results | Replication |
| A research sample that accurately reflects the population of people one is studying | Representative sample |
| Plans of action for how to conduct a scientific study | Research design |
| Subsets of the population studied in a research project | Samples |
| The Scientific Method: | OPTIC: Observation, Prediction, Testing, Interpretation, Communication |
| Written or oral accounts of a person's thoughts, feelings, or actions | Self-reports |
| Studies in which participants do now know the experimental condition (group) to which they have been assigned | Single-Blind Study |
| The tendency toward favorable self-presentation that could lead to inaccurate self-reports | Social desirability bias |
| A statistical measure of how much the scores in a sample vary around the mean | Standard deviation |
| Collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of numerical data | Statistics |
| A set of related assumptions from which scientists can make testable predictions | Theory |
| A characteristic that changes or "varies", such as age, gender, weight, intelligence, anxiety, and extraversion | Variable |
Created by:
shanncruz
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