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Chapter 22+23
Chapter Notes for the test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a wave that can travel through empty space or matter and consists of changing electric and magnetic fields | electromagnetic wave |
| what type of wave is light? | electromagnetic |
| what do electric fields do? | surround every charged object, attract opposites and repels likes |
| what do magnetic fields do? | surround every magnet, causes magnetivity, |
| what are EM waves produced by? | the vibration of electrically charged particles which make a vibrating magnetic field that carries energy |
| transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| where do fossil fuels get their energy? | the sun (store energy) |
| the entire range of EM waves | the electromganetic spectrum |
| list the waves in their order of longest wavelength to shortest. | radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet,x rays, gamma rays |
| changing amplitude or frequency | modulation |
| what are AM and FM? | amplitude/frequency modulation, the two kidns of radio stations |
| how do radio waves work? | carry energy that can be turned into sound. radio receives waves, then converts to electric current, converts then to sound |
| what advantage do AM waves have over FM? | are longer, can bounce off atmosphere and travel farther |
| what advantage do FM waves have over AM? | less affected by electrical noise, usually used for musical broadcast |
| what else do radio waves carry? | TV signals |
| what can microwaves do? | can send info over long distances, used in cell phones and artificial satellites, radar |
| how does radar work? | sends out microwaves, reflects off car and returns, put into device to calculate speed |
| what gives of infrared waves? | almost everything. warmer objects give more, cooler give less |
| what is white light? | visible light of all wavelengths combined (what the sun gives off, lamps, fluorescent bulbs) |
| ROY G BiV | the visible spectrum: red orange yellow green blue violet |
| what are harmful effects of ultraviolet rays? | skin cancer, sunburn, wrinkles, eye damage |
| what are good effects of UV rays? | kill bacteria, skin cells produce Vitamin D (calcium) |
| how to protect from X rays? | lead |
| how do x rays work? | they travel easily through skin and muscle but are absorbed by bones, un-absorbed rays strike film, and bright areas appear where x rays are absorbed by bones |
| good effects of gamma rays? | treat cancer, kill bacteria |
| bad effects of gamma rays? | overexposure BAD! radioactive? |
| how does a microwave oven work? | magnetron produces microwaves, reflected off a fan, directed into chamber, enter food, causes water molecules to move and increases temp. |
| how does a magnetron produce microwaves? | by accelerating charged particles |
| happens when light waves bounce off an object | reflection |
| law of reflection | the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection |
| see diagrams | |
| how can we see light sources in the dark? | the light passes directly to our eyes |
| the transfer of energy carried by light waves to particles of matter | absorption |
| in a beam of light, particles in the air ____ some energy and dim | absorb |
| what happens to a beam as it is farther away and why? | gets dimmer because more energy is absorbed by the particles |
| interaction of light with matter that causes light to change direction | scattering |
| light scatter everywhere after what? | colliding with particles of matter |
| bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one substance to another | refraction |
| how can we see optical illusions? | refraction causes us to see things differently |
| how does a prism separate colors? | waves with shorter wavelengths refract more. so red is refracted less and violet is refracted more and they fan out |
| bending of waves around barrier or opening | diffraction |
| as light passes into a material where speed is slower... | light bends away from the boundary between the two |
| if light passes out of it... | it bends inward towards the boundary between them |
| wave interaction that happens when two or more waves overlap | interference |
| three types of light movement | reflect, absorb, transmit |
| the passing of light through matter | transmission |
| matter through which visible light is easily transmitted | transparent |
| transmits light but also scatter it | translucent |
| matter that does not transmit any light | opaque |
| when light strikes colored opaque object, some colors are reflected, others absorbed, what do we see? | only threflected ones |
| what color means all light is absorbed, and what means all is reflected? | black is all absorbed, white is all reflected |
| how to see color of transparent/lucent objects | see the color of the light transmitted |
| primary colors of light | RGB |
| the combining of colors of LIGHT | color addition |
| material that gives a substance its color by absorbing some colors of light and reflecting others | pigment |
| mixing of PIGMENTS | color subtraction because more colors of light are absorbed or taken away |
| primary pigments | yellow, cyan, magenta |
| how does light travel? | in straight lines |
| how to shwo path/direction of wave | rays |
| mirror that has a flat surface | plane mirror |
| what image will a plane mirror generate? | right side up, same size, reversed from left/right, is a virtual image |
| what is a virtual image? | an image through which light does not travel |
| what is a real image? | an image through which light travels |
| what is a concave mirror? give an example | a mirror that curves inward ex: spoon |
| what is a convex mirror? | curves outward |
| what are properties of convex mirror images? | right side up, smaller than original object, virtual images |
| transparent object that forms an image by refracting light | lens |
| what happens when light rays pass thru convex lens? | light is refracted towards each other |
| when light rays pass through concave? | light rays refracted away from each other |
| convex lens? | lens thicker in middle than edges, light passes, forms an x |
| concave lens? | thinner in middle, "caves" inward |
| what is a property of concave lenses? | smaller than object, virtual |
| image formed by concave mirror depends on? | optical axis, focal point, focal length |
| what do plane mirrors produce? | virtual images |
| what do concave mirrors produce | both |
| what do concave lenses produce? | virtual |
| what do convex lenses produce? | virtual |
| what do convex lenses produce? | both |
| what is regular reflection? | light beams reflected at same angle off smooth surface |
| what is diffuse reflection? | light reflects at many angles, not all light reflected to eyes |
| how do magnetic fields vibrate? electric? | perp to electric field and vice versa |
| what is the optical axis? | line drawn outward from center of mirror |
| what is the focal point? | where light rays parallel to opt axis enter mirror through a single point |
| what is the focal length? | dist btwn mirror and focal pt |
Created by:
Tsarmina
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