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PSYC100 Exam 3 Part2
CH 14-15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychopaathology | sickness or disorder of the mind |
| disorder vs difficult challenge | when a psychological problem disrupts a person's life and causes significant distress over a long period, the problem is considered a disorder |
| behavior of psychopathology | 1) does the person act in a way that deviates from cultural norms and acceptable behavior? 2)is the behavior maladaptive? that is, does does the behavior interfere with the perons' ability to respond appropriately in different situations? |
| behavior of psychopathology | 3)is the behavior self-destrictuve, does it cause the individual personal distress, or does it threaten other people in the community? |
| Kraeplin | identified mental disorders on the basis of groups of symptoms that occur together. classification system for mental disorders |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | categorizing mental disorders systematically. standard in psychology and psychiatry. |
| requirements of mental disorders | patient must have: 1)major clinical disorders 2)mental retardation 3)medical condition 4)psychosocial problems 5)global or overall assessment |
| structured interviews | questions asked in the same order each time |
| diathesis | underlying vulnerability or predisposiiton |
| social phobia | fear of being negatively evaluated by others |
| social anxiety disorder | fears of public speaking, speaking up in class, meeting new people, and eating in front of others. |
| specific phobias | fear of particular objects or situations |
| generalized anxiety disorder | a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | a mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror |
| agoraphobia | an anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions |
| etiology of OCD | genetic, control neurotransmitter |
| mood disorders (affective disorders) | extreme emotions. two kinds. depressive disorders: persistent and pervasive feelings of sadness bipolar disorders: radical fluctuations in mood |
| major depression | a disorder characterized by sever negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities |
| dysthymia | a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania |
| manic episodes | characterized by elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, and extreme distractibility. |
| hypomanic episodes | characterized by heightened creativity and productivity. can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding. |
| SAD (seasonal affective disorders) | periods of depression that correspond to the shorter days of winter in northern latitudes |
| learned helplessness | a cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual |
| schizophrenia | a psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion; alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness. |
| positive symptoms | excesses; additional. eg. delusions |
| negative symptoms | deficits in functioning eg. avoid eye contact, no emotions |
| delusions | false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality |
| hallucinations | false sensory perceptions that are experienced without a external source |
| loosening of associations | a speech pattern among some people with schizophrenia in which their thoughts are disorganized or meaningless |
| borderline personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control |
| antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy and remorse |
| autistic disorder | a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interest |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | a disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity |
| psychotherapy | the generic name given to formal psychological treatment |
| biological therapies | treatment based on medical approaches to illness and to disease |
| One factor known to affect the outcome of therapy is... | the relationship b/w the therapist and the client |
| free association | the client would say whatever came to mind and the therapist would look for signs of unconscious conflicts, especially where the client appeared resistant to discussing certain topics |
| dream analysis | the therapist would interpret the hidden meaning of the client's dreams |
| insight | the goal of psychoanalysis; a patient's awareness of his/her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning |
| psychodynamic therapy | therapist aims to help a patient examine the patient's needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding why the patient is distressed. Ex: 'talking therapy' |
| client-centered therapy | humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers; empathic approach to therapy; encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding |
| behavior therapy | treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning |
| cognitive therapy | treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions; treatment strategies attempt to modify these though patterns. Aaron Beck |
| cognitive restructuring | a therapy that strives to help patients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | a therapy that incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors |
| rational-emotive therapy | Albert Ellis; through this approach, a therapist acts as a teacher, explaining the client's errors in thinking and demonstrating more-adaptive ways to think and behave |
| psychotropic medications | drugs that affect mental processes; changes brain neurochemistry |
| anti-anxiety drugs (aka tranquilizers) | a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety; short-term use |
| antidepressants | a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression. most recent is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): used often to treat people who are sad/low self-esteem but not clinically depressed |
| antipsychotics | a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis |
| antipsychotics effects | block effects of dopamine; side effects can be irreversible |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | a procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain to produce a seizure; it is effective for some cases of severe depression |
| chlorpromazine | drug - acts as a major tranquilizer; reduces anxiety, sedates w/o inducing sleep, and decreases the severity and frequency of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
| haloperidol | chemically different than chlorpromazine and less sedating effects; revolutionized as a treatment of schizophrenia |
| personality disorder treatment? | notoriously difficult to treat; no treatment approach for this disorder |
Created by:
f.sarwar92
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