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Child Psycology onli
final
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong | moral development |
| occurring from 4 to 7 years of age, justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world removed from the control of people | heteronomous morality |
| displayed by older children, the child becomes aware that rules and laws are created by people and that, unjudgining an action, one should consider the actor's intentions as well as the consequences | autonomous morality |
| Piaget's concept of the childhood expectation that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately | immanent justice |
| the lowest level in Kohlberg's theory, at this level, morality is often focused on reward and punishment, two stages are punishment and obedience orientation and individualism, instrumental purpose and exchange | preconventional reasoning |
| a moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual; individuals independently make moral decisions | justice perspective |
| the moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, in which people are assessed in terms of their connectedness with others and the quality of their interpersonal communication, relationship with others, and concern for others | care perspective |
| focuses on conventional rules established by social consensus, as opposed to moral reasoning that stresses ethical issues | social conventional reasoning |
| the theory that distinguishes between moral competence the ability to produce moral behaviors and moral performance use of those behaviors in specific situations | social cognitive theory of morality |
| reacting to another's feelings with an emotional response that is similar to the other's feelings | empathy |
| the aspect of personality that is present when individuals have moral notions and commitments that are central to their lives | moral identity |
| a discipline technique in which a parent withholds attention or love from the child in an effort to control the child's behavior | love withdrawal |
| a discipline technique in which a parent attempts to gain control over the child or the child's resources | power assertion |
| a discipline technique in which a parent uses reasoning and explains how the child's actions are likely to affect others | induction |
| the pervasive moral atmosphere that characterizes each school | hidden curriculum |
| a direct moral education approach that involves teaching students a basic "moral literacy" to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior or doing harm to themselves or others | character education |
| helping people clarify their sense of their purpose in life and what worth working for, students are encouraged to define their own values and understand others' values | values clarification |
| education based on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops; Kohlberg's theory has been the basis for many of the cognitive moral education approaches | cognitive moral education |
| a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community | service learning |
| an unselfish interest in helping another person | altruism |
| an aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when an injured person releases the injurer from possible behavior retaliation | forgiveness |
| a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation, especially in response to someone doing something kind or helpful | gratitude |
| age inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, society's norms, and the personal or property rights of others | conduct disorder |
| refers to a great variety of behaviors by an adolescent, ranging from unacceptable behavior to breaking the law | juvenile delinquency |
| criminal acts, such as robbery, rape, and homicide, whether they are committed by juveniles or adults | index offenses |
| juvenile offenses, performed by youth under a specified age, that are not as serious as index offenses, these offenses may include acts such as underage drinking, truancy, and sexual promiscuity | status offenses |
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