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Psych Final Ch 6
Ch 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | detection and collection of information about physical energies and substances; when substances or physical energies in the environment or the body stimulate sense receptors |
| Perception | organization and interpretation of sensory information |
| Sense receptors | specialized cells that convert substances and physical energies into electrical energy that can be transmitted to the brain |
| Anatomical coding | different sensory modalities exist because sensory receptors from different sense organs stimulate nerves leading to different brains areas |
| Doctrine of specific nerve energies | Currently undefined |
| Functional coding | further refined coding of sensory information within one sensory modality; which cells are firing, how many cells are firing, the rate at which cells are firing, and the pattern of each cell’s firing |
| Synesthesia | sensory crossover occurs when activation of one sense pathway involuntarily causes another to be activated as well |
| Psychophysics | a field concerned with measuring the relationship between physical stimuli and corresponding sensations and perceptions |
| Sensory adaptation | reduction in sensory responsiveness when stimule is unchanging or repetitous |
| Sensory deprivation | absence of normal levels of sensory stimuli |
| Sensory overload | over-stimulation of the senses (without adaptation); can lead to fatigue and mental confusion |
| Perceptual adaptation | adapting to distractions in your environment |
| Selective attention | our ability to focus on selected stimule while ignoring others; usually a good thing |
| Inattentional blindness | the failure to perceive objects that we are looking at |
| Priming | a method used to encourage unconscious processing of information, where the impact of that information on later behavior or performance on another task or in another situation is then assessed |
| Hue | our experience of the wavelength of light |
| Bightness | our experience of the complexity of light |
| Saturation | our experience of the amount of light |
| Optic nerve | transmits signals from the retina to the brain |
| Retina | neural tissues lining the back of the eye; contains photoreceptors |
| Rods | photoreceptors that respond to dim light |
| Cones | photoreceptors necessary for color vision |
| Ganglion Cells | respond to synaptic input by creating action potentials which are then sent to the brain via the optic nerve |
| Dark Adaptation | a process by which photoreceptors become maximally sensitive to dim light |
| Gestalt principles | describe the brain’s organization of sensory building blocks into meaningful units and patterns |
| Figure-ground segmentation | the figure stands out from the rest of the environment |
| Proximity | grouping of closer items together, how close together things are |
| Closure | filling in the gaps to complete forms; is the sound continuous or intermittent |
| Similarity | group of similar items together; are there similar or dissimilar sounds |
| Continuity | seeing lines as being continuous |
| Gate-control theory | the theory that the experience of pain depends in part on whether pain impulses get past a neurological “gate” in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain |
| Kinesthesis | the sense of body position and movement of body parts; also called kinesthsia |
| Equilibrium | the sense of balance |
Created by:
lygordon
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