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Psych Final Ch 5
Ch 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment; it involves the subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives |
| Biological rhythm | a periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; they may or may not have psychological implications |
| Endogenous biological rhythms | circadian (once every 24 hours, infradian (occur less frequently than once a day), and ultradian rhythms (occur more frequently than once a day) |
| Circadian rhythm | once about every 24 hours |
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | the body’s clock; located in the hypothalamus, regulates melatonin which is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland |
| Melatonin | induces sleep; used to regulate disturbed sleep-wake cycles |
| Internal desynchronization | a state when biological rhythms are not in phase with each other |
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring |
| Premenstrual syndrome | when omen notice depression or irritability when these noods occur premenstrually |
| Realms of sleep | stage 1: feel self-drifting on the edge of consciousness; stage 2: minor noises won’t disturb you; stage 3: breathing and pulse have slowed down; stage 4: deep sleep |
| Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep | increased eye movement, loss of muscle tone, dreaming |
| Functions and benefits of sleep | the exact function of sleep is uncertain but sleep appears to provide time for the body to carry out important functions |
| Sleep deprivation | leads to decreases in physical and mental functioning; increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol; possibly damage brain cells important for learning and memory |
| Sleep apnea | breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp and momentarily waken |
| Narcolepsy | sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep |
| Psychoanalytic theory of dreams | dreams might provide insight into our unconsciousness |
| Manifest versus latent content of dreams | manifest includes aspects of the dream we consciously experience while latent includes unconscious wishes and thoughts symbolized in the dream |
| Problems focused approach to dreams | may reflect ongoing conscious issues such as concerns over relationships, work, sex, or help |
| Cognitive approach to dreams | dreaming is the same kind of activity we engage in when we are awake; predicts that if we are awake, but cut off from external stimulation, out thoughts would have the same hallucinatory quality we experience in dreams |
| Activation-synthesis theory of dreams | dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of the neutral signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain |
| Hypnosis | a procedure in which that practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of the subject |
| Dissociation theories of hypnosis | it’s a split in consciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of consciousness; during hypnosis, dissociation occurs between an executive control system and other systems of thinking and acting |
| Sociocognitive explanation of hypnosis | effects hypnosis resuls from interaction between social influence of the hypnotist and the beliefs and expectations of the subject |
| Altered states of consciousness | Currently Undefined |
| Psychoactive drug | substance capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior |
| Stimulants | speed up activity |
| Depressants | slow down activity in the CNS |
| Opiates | relieves pain |
| Psychedelic drugs | disrupt normal thought processes |
| Sigmund Freud | concluded that dreams might provide insight into our unconsciousness |
Created by:
lygordon
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