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pharm final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In cancer, genetic alterations are caused by: | Radiation |
| True or False. Oncogenes which are cancer causing genes are activated and tumor suppressor genes are inactivated. | True |
| In the cell cycle, which phase prepares for mitosis? | G2 |
| Chemotherapeutic drugs are much more toxic to tissues that have a ______ growth fraction? | High |
| True or False: Injury to normal cells occurs primarily in tissues where the growth fraction is high | True |
| A nurse is teaching a nursing student about drug-induced cell kill mechanisms for patient treatment. What answer best gives an understanding of how a patient might tolerate drug toxicity in order for treatment to be effective? | If a patient is to continue treatment they need to be able to tolerate the same degree of toxicity at the end of treatment than at the beginning of treatment. |
| True/False: Using a single drug therapy is more effective than using combination therapy | False |
| What is the purpose of intermittent chemotherapy | To allow healthy cells to repopulate in between rounds of chemotherapy |
| True or false? A Cancer patient has just come in for a round of Chemotherapy. Before administering the treatment, the nurse checks the Neutrophil count. The patient’s count is 2100 cells/mm. The nurse should proceed with administering the Chemotherapy. | False |
| A cancer patient has just been prescribed the drug Cytarabine. The patient complains of extreme nausea and vomiting. What is the best choice drug for the doctor to prescribe this patient to? | Bevacizumab |
| A score of on the Karnofsky Performance Scale is needed to justify continuation of treatment | greater than 40 |
| Name the 3 causative organisms for uncomplicated, community-acquired cystitis? | E. coli (80%), Staph. saprophyticus (11%), and Enterococcus faecalis |
| A pregnant woman is treated in the E.R. for an uncomplicated, community-acquired infection. The patient stated her symptoms began 3 days ago. Which therapy would the nurse expect the prescriber to order? | Conventional |
| For acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, when should you switch to PO medicine? | after IV antibiotics have controlled the infection |
| True or false: For severe symptoms of UTI's, treatment with a broad spectrum antibiotic can be given until the pathogen is found. | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: All bacteria are susceptible to formaldehyde? | True |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Methenamine is the first line of defense to treat chronic UTI? | False |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Localized reaction from HepB vaccine should be treated with aspirin. | False |
| The polio vaccine used in the U.S. is administered. | SubQ |
| MMR vaccine is a combination vaccine to prevent | Measles, Mumps, Rubella |
| TRUE OR FALSE: The National Childhood Vaccine Act of 1986 is a permanent record of each mandated vaccination a child receives | True |
| When administering the MMR vaccine to a child with an allergy to gelatin the nurse should | Use extreme caution and asses for a possible anaphylactic reaction |
| Immunization is the production of.. | both B&C |
| Which of the following infectious diseases have virtually been eliminated? | all of the above |
| The effectiveness of the DTaP reduces the risk | Of infection by 80-90% |
| The most common side effects of the MCV4 are (select all of the above): | All of the above |
| The mother of a 3 year old wants her child to get a flu shot but doesn’t want him to get stuck with a needle. What would be an alternative? | FluMist |
| A child is being given the rotavirus vaccine, his parents want the least number of doses possible. Which vaccine should they get? | Rotarix |
| A nursing student asks about the differences between cell-cycle phase–specific chemotherapeutic agents and those that are cell-cycle phase nonspecific. What will the nurse explain? | Cell-cycle phase–specific drugs do not harm “resting” cells. |
| A patient is receiving intravenous vincristine (Oncovin). The patient complains of pain at the IV insertion site. The nurse examines the site and notes an area of erythema and edema. What will the nurse do? | Change the IV site and notify the provider of the extravasation |
| A nurse provides teaching to a patient who will begin taking oral cyclophosphamide to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding about how to minimize side effects while taking this drug? | I should drink plenty of fluids while taking this drug.” |
| A nurse is discussing vesicant chemotherapeutic agents with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching about this type of drug? | These drugs may be administered orally as well as intravenously.” |
| A patient who has a brain tumor will receive a nitrosourea agent. A nursing student asks why this type of drug is used for this type of cancer. The nurse will tell the student that nitrosoureas are because they: | are lipophilic. |
| A patient will begin chemotherapy with cisplatin. Which medications will the nurse expect to administer to offset this agent’s side effects? | Amifostine (Ethyol), diuretics, and antiemetics |
| A patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is about to begin chemotherapy with methotrexate (Rheumatrex). The nurse will expect to administer which medication concurrently with this drug? | Leucovorin |
| The nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient receiving cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). To protect against the side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis, the nurse would expect to administer which drug | Mesna (Mesnex) |
| A nursing student asks a nurse how cancer cells become resistant to methotrexate (Rheumatrex). The nurse is correct to respond by saying that cancer cells acquire resistance to methotrexate by | reduced uptake of methotrexate into cells. |
| The nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving vinorelbine (Navelbine) for about 5 days. Which assessment finding in this patient would cause the nurse to withhold the next dose and notify the prescriber? | Dyspnea and cough |
| The nurse on an oncology unit prepares to administer the fourth cycle of docetaxel (Taxotere) to a patient with breast cancer. Which clinical finding would cause the nurse to withhold the dose and call the prescriber | Neutrophil count below 1500/mm3 |
| A patient will begin receiving vincristine (Oncovin) to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Which side effect(s) will the nurse tell the patient to report immediately? | Tingling of the extremities |
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