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Psych Final Ch 3
Ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolutionary psychology | emphasizes the evolutionary mechanisms that might help explain commonalities in: language, learning, attention, perception, memory, sexual behavior, cooperation, helpfulness to others, emotion, and reasoning |
| Behavioral genetics | attempts to tease apart the relative contributions of heredity and environment to explain individual differences in personality, mental ability and other characteristics |
| Genes | biochemical units of heredity which govern the development of an individual life and functioning of our bodies; composed of DNA |
| Chromosomes | an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that stores everything that cells need to replicate themselves |
| Evolution | the theory that things come from other things |
| Natural selection | the evolutionary process in which individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers |
| Behavioral adaptation | “survival of the fittest” |
| Language | a system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gestures to form structured utterances that convey meaning |
| Surface structure | the way a sentence is structured |
| Deep structure | how a sentence is to be understood |
| Syntax | the way a sentence is worded |
| Universal grammar | a sensitivity to the core features common to all languages |
| Sociobiology | interdisciplinary field that emphasizes evolutionary explanations of social behavior in animals, including humans |
| Sexual strategies | due to different kinds of survival and mating problems, the sexes have evolved differently with respect to aggressiveness, physical dominance, and sexually strategies |
| Identical twins | twins from one egg |
| Fraternal twins | twins from two eggs |
| Environment and intelligence | it’s been studied that the environment in which a person’s grown up has hindered their intelligence |
| Epigenetics | the study of changes in the gene expressing due to mechanisms other than structural changes in DNA |
| Nature and nurture | the idea in the way that who we become is reflective of either how we were raised or the environment we were raised in |
| Noam Chomsky | associated with language; surface structure and deep structure; rules of grammar |
| Charles Darwin | associated with the idea of natural selection |
Created by:
lygordon
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