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Science Chapter 4
Elements and the Periodic Table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element |
| electrons | the negatively charged particles of an atom |
| nucleus | a tiny region in the center of an atom |
| protons | the positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutrons | the electrically neutral particle of an atom |
| atomic number | the unique number of protons in the nucleus of an atom that helps identify the element |
| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons and a difference number of neutrons |
| mass number | the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, helps identify isotopes |
| Mendeleev | Russian scientist that discovered a set of patterns that applied to all the elements |
| First Periodic Table | arranged in order of increasing atomic mass |
| atomic mass | the average mass of all the isotopes of an element |
| periods | horizontal rows on the Period Table |
| groups | the 18 vertical columns, consist of elements with similar characteristics |
| chemical symbol | one or two letter abbreviation of an element's name |
| physical properties of metal | ductility, conductivity, malleability, shininess |
| reactivity | the ease and speed with which elements combine and react with other elements and compounds |
| nonmetals | elements that lack most of the properties of a metal |
| metalloids | has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals |
| semiconductors | substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under others |
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