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Lecture 12 ch 9

biological perspective on personality

QuestionAnswer
3 types of biological perspectives on personality evolution, genetic, bio-chemical
the key to evolution natural selection
natural selection process by which nature selects those characteristics in organisms that promote survival
evolutionary psychology explains origins of psychological mechanisms and behavioral patterns. individual differences are a result of interactions with the environment;all psychological processes come from evolution.Behavioral manifest have to do with reproductive advantage (gd)
parental investment theory sex that invests more in offspring should be far more choosy about potential mates than the sex that invest less in offspring.
criteria of parental investment theory 1. females invest more in offspring than males (pregnancy and weaning) 2. because females have more of an investment they will be more careful in choosing their mates
intrasexual competition winning contents between members of one sex (fighting for mate)
young male syndrome has evolutionary roots and manifests by posturing, risking behavior or violence in response to sexual selection pressure, is elicited by specific situations, there is evidence.
mate selection females want the best available male because of their investment (resources).
females attract males with... fertility, youth, beauty, fitness
males attract women with... wealth, power,status, dominance
resulting reproductive issues 1. male retention 2. infidelity 3.mate selection 4. intrasexual competition
jealousy according to evolutionary theory females is family support males is paternity
jealousy results from females is emotional bonds males is sexual infidelity
evolutionary personality psychology individual differences.human nature is flexible
evolutionary reasons for individual differences 1. diversity is necessary for viability. 2. behavioral patterns evolved as reactions to particular environmental experiences. 3. some behaviors may be freq dependent 4. several possible behavioral strategies may have evolved.
personality trait pattern of behavior relevant to more than one situation.(survival mechanisms)
extraversion (social skills, assertion) social rank, cooperation, meeting and mating
emotional stability (anxiety, worry, moodiness, self-approval) resilience to stress, adaptability, resourcefulness
agreeableness (empathy, generosity, orderliness) intimacy/mating, altrusion
conscientiousness (will, no impulsity,responsibility, orderliness) work, trust, dependability
openness (curiosity, creativity, flexibility) learning, exploration, versatility
inheritance personality is genetically determined; human behavior is the product of a complex biological organism. underlying genetics and biology influence processes in personality.
behavioral genetic approach studies genetic determinants of individual difference; explain how individual differences in behavior are passes from parent to child and shared by biological relatives.
heritability is the proportion of phenotype variance that can be accounted for by genetic differences among individuals
genotype trait that lies in the genetics
phenotype observable trait of a person (visual).
3 sources of variance of behavior genetics 1.genetic influences 2.shared environmental influences 3.non-shared environmental influences
2 types of environment 1. shared 2. unshared environment
shared environment parents, siblings, home environment
unshared environment peers, friends, social groups, etc
key methodology of behavioral genetics twin studies, main assumption is shared environment
logic behind twin studies similarities come from genes, differences come from unshared environment.
monozygotic pairs genetically identical
dizygotic pairs not identical
heritability formula MZ-DZ=X*2
factors of personality stability genetic factors and environmental factors.
Created by: jessicaleanne
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