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Psychology Ch.15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| view of mental illness in which odd behavior, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body | demonic model |
| view of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment | medical model |
| institution for people with mental illnesses crated in the 15th century | asylum |
| approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness | moral treatment |
| 1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals | deinstitutionalization |
| scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviors | labeling theorists |
| diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
| percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder | prevalence |
| dimension of functioning | axis |
| co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person | comorbidity |
| model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree | categorical model |
| model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind | dimensional model |
| legal defense proposing that people shouldn't be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren't of "sound mind" when committing them | insanity defense |
| procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves | involuntary commitment |
| condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin | somatoform disorder |
| an individual's continual preoccupation with the notion that he has a serious physical disease | hypochondriasis |
| continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas on life functioning | generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
| brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy | panic attack |
| repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them | panic disorder |
| intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat | phobia |
| fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack | agoraphobia |
| intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat | specific phobia |
| marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation seems likely | social phobia |
| marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event | posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both | obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress | obsession |
| repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress | compulsion |
| fear of anxiety-related sensations | anxiety sensitivity |
| state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties | major depressive episode |
| theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations | cognitive model of depression |
| tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control | learned helplessness |
| experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior | manic episode |
| condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode | bipolar disorder |
| condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment | personality disorder |
| condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control | borderline personality disorder |
| condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk taking | psychopathic personality |
| condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions | antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) |
| condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception | dissociative disorder |
| condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization | depersonalization disorder |
| inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness | dissociative amnesia |
| sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events | dissociative fugue |
| condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the person's behavior | dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
| severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality | schizophrenia |
| strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality | delusion |
| psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality | psychotic symptom |
| sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus | hallucination |
| motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position | catatonic symptom |
| perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability | diathesis-stress model |
| disorder (also known as autism) marked by severe deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination, usually accompanied by mental retardation | autistic disorder |
| childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity | attention-deficity/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
Created by:
rlhaas
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