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Ch 12
Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diatheses | genetically or psychologically inherited predispositions (vulnerabilities to develop) |
| Biological or Medical Model: Etiology of Abnormal Psychological Disorders | 1.Diatheses 2.Neurological Imbalances 3. Biochemical Imbalances or Abnormalities 4. Hormonal Imbalances or Malfunctions 5.Infections 6. Accidents and Injuries |
| Biological or Medical Model: Treatment of Abnormal Psychological Disorders | 1.Medicine 2.Electroconvulsive Therapy 3. Psychosurgery |
| Psychodynamic Etiology | Improper development of personality during childhood and/or unresolved (often UCS) conflicts |
| Psychodynamic Treatment | Psychotherapy to provide a safe environment to strengthen the client's ego and then to uncover and resolve conflicts |
| Humanistic Etiology | Internal emotional blocks and obstacles to client's drive toward self-actualization or growth |
| Humanistic Treatment | Psychotherapy to provide an unconditional and accepting environment and a "here and now" focus to free the client up to experience and express blocking and blocked feelings |
| Cognitive Etiology | Faulty thinking or distorted perceptions |
| Cognitive Treatment | Psychotherapy to challenge and replace irrational thoughts and perceptions with those more rational and reality-based |
| Behavioral Etiology | Faulty learning and acquiring dysfunctional or inappropriate behavior, thinking and or absence of learning appropriate functional behavior |
| Behavioral Treatment | Psychotherapy that applies learning principles to unlearn dysfunctional, inappropriate behavior and or learn new more functional and more appropriate behavior |
| Diathesis Stress Model | diathesis plus increase stress leads to disorder onset |
| Systems Theory-Biopsychosocial Model | view that biological, psychological and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders |
| Eclectic Psychotherapy | an approach to psychotherapy that recognizes the systems view if etiology and therefore integrates theory from various schools of psychology |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) | Most well known: Integrates well on a systematic level since both Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies are directive and are based in learning principles |
| Types of Eclectic Psychotherapy | Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Ash's Black Heart Theory Spiritual Therapies |
| Current Perspectives of Etiology | Biological or Medical Model Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Behavioral |
| Integrated Perspectives | Diathesis-Stress Model Systems Theory=Biopsychosocial Model Eclectic Psychotherapy |
| What does DSM stand for | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| Axis I | Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions that may be a focus of clinical treatment 99% of disorders fall under this category Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorder, |
| Axis II | Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation |
| Axis III | General Medical Conditions |
| Axis IV | Psychosocial and Environmental Problems (external stressors |
| Axis V | Global Assessment of Functioning (coping) |
| Mood Disorders | disturbances in mood ex: sad/depression, excited/manic, swinging dramatically from sadness to euphoria/bipolar |
| Depression | a mood disorder with overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in usual activities/anhedonia excessive feelings of guilt, shame worthlessness or hopelessness. |
| Etiology of Depression | Hormonal Imbalance Drug or chemical side effects Unexplained Affective Response to decrease Sunlight Brain Damage Prolonged Mentally Hanging on to Feelings |
| Anxiety Disorder | Disorders where anxiety is a characteristic feature or avoidance of anxiety motivates abnormal behavior |
| Anxiety | an affective state of fear and apprehension about possible threat, usually marked by SNS activity |
| Etiology of Anxiety disorders | Classical conditioning (when phobia) Continued lack of control in face of prolonged stress Leakage from defenses |
| Phobia | an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense paralyzing fear of something specific |
| Panic Disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks marked by suddenly experiencing intense fear or terror with the most intense SNS symptoms with no apparent cause |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears not attached to any particular object or circumstance |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder in which a person has intrusive usually disturbing thoughts (obsessions) or is driver to perform senseless, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) usually about cleanliness, counting or keeping things in perfect or numbered order |
| OCD Etiology | a brain short circuit where the limbic system continues sending false alarms of danger to the prefrontal cortex which reacts with muscular motor responses (the compulsions) or Associational responses (the obsessions) |
| Stress Disorders | anxiety disorders characterized by continually reliving a traumatic event with all its fear and intense terror after the event is over. ` |
| Types of Stress Disorders | Acute Stress Disorder= occurs soon after the event Post-traumatic-stress disorder PTSD reaction is months or years after the event |
| Dissociative Disorders | disorders where the primary defense mechanism used is dissociation=splitting of the self into groups of mental processes |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | formerly Multiple Personality Disorder characterized by the separation of the personality into 2 or more distinct personalities each capable of acting on its own |
| Etiology of DID | extreme PTSD but more extreme 95 to 99% had experienced severe, chronic abuse before age 4 or 5 |
| Types of Dissociative Disorders | Dissociative Identity Disorders Depresonalization Disorder Dissociative Fugue Spirit Possession Disorder Extremist Cult Brainwashed Disorders |
| Psychosomatic Disorders | where there is real physical illness but caused by psychological factors such as stress anxiety or emotional conflicts ex tension headaches |
| Somatoform Disorders | apparent physical illness but no identifiable physical cause can be found |
| Types of Somatoform Disorders | Conversion Disorder ex glove anesthesia Hypochondrias Body dysmorphic disorder |
| Pain disorders | Can be wither Psychosomatic or Somatoform |
| Schizophrenic Disorders | severe psychotic disorder involving major disturbances of thought emotion relationships and perception always marked by hallucinations and/or delusions |
| Schizophrenic Disorders Symptoms of Two Kinds | Positive and Negative Signs |
| Positive Signs of Schizophrenic Disorders | (not normally found in normal people) caused by increase dophamine: hallucinations, delusion, incoherent/strange thought and bizarre behavior |
| Negative Signs of Schizophrenic Disorders | (normally found in normal people) caused by decrease seratonin lack social skills and appropriate emotions symptoms: flat affect social isolation, anhedonia and apathy |
| Types of Schizophrenia | Paranoid Sz Catatonic SZ Disorganized Sz |
| Paranoid Sz | extreme suspiciousness and complex bizarre delusions |
| Catatonic Sz | disturbed motor behavior is prominent ex: being mute and rigidly immobile for hours on end |
| Disorganized Sz | bizarre behaviors predominate that show childish disregard for social norms ex" giggling gesturing or urinating and defecating publically (Hebrephrenic) |
| Personality Disorders | inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to and conflicts with others |
| Theodore Million's Theory of Personality Disorders | Severe PD Paranoid (Against) Borderline (Ambivalent and Toward) Schizotypal (Away) |
| Types of Personality Disorders | Passive-Aggressive Obsessive Compulsive Dependent Histrionic Avoidant Schizoid Schizotypal Narcissistic Antisocial Paranoid Borderline |
| Passive-Aggressive PD | pervasive passive resistance to others demands for adequate social or occupational performance disguise aggression through procrastinationa and "hit and run" behaviors and criticisms as jokes or as sarcasm |
| Obsessive-Compulsive PD | pervasive preoccupation with order, perfectionism and mental and relational control (Freud's anal retentive) avoid emotion and cannot let go of anything |
| Dependent | Inability to make choices and decisions independently, they cannot tolerate to being alone and usually submit to avoid rejection |
| Histrionic PD | pervasive pattern of excessive, but shallow, emotionality and attention-seeking behavior, they need to be the center of attention and are into fads and image |
| Avoidant PD | pervasive social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersentivity to rejection, they still possess some social skills |
| Schizoid PD | limited or flattened emotion and pervasive social isolation due to deficient social skills and a preference to be alone they have no close friends outside of family |
| Schizotypal PD | flat affect and pervasie social isolcation due to major social deficits, they have eccentricities of behavior and semi-psychotic cognitive and perceptual distortions including possible magical thinking, bizarre fantasies and paranoid ideas of reference. |
| narcissistic PD | seek constant admiration from others in order to support an inflated self image which leads to a sense of entitlement with unrealistic expectations of special or favorable treatment and compliance by others to his/her demands and wishes |
| Antisocial PD | pervasive disregard for others these PD very one dimensional, yet going to extreme ends of exploitation, manipulation, unethical and even criminal behaviors with a missing conscience and a complete lack of empathy for others who are seen as objects |
| Paranoid PD | pervasive distrust and suspiciousness these PD's have transient, semi-psychotic delusional thoughts and perceptions that reinforce their distrust of others |
| Borderline PD | instability in self image mood and relationships these individuals are mentally and emotionally stuck back in Rapprochement with no object permanence and therefore no ability to tolerate negative emotion of being alone. |
Created by:
Shavonag
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