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Psychology 200
Personality
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| What are the 4 personality theories? | 1-Psychoanalytic 2-Trait 3-Humanistic 4- Social/Behavioral | |
| What is the psychoanalytic theory? Name 3 psychologists dealing with this. | Personality is shaped by instinctive and unconscious influences. 1-Freud 2-Jung 3-Adler | |
| Freud's 3 levels of the mind | 1. Conscious 2. Preconscious 3. Unconscious (like an iceburg) | |
| What is catharsis and what could bring about this? | -it is the release of bottled up emotions -talking about problems could bring about this. Famous Study: Anna O. talking through problems made her feel better. | |
| Who believed that physical symptoms could have an unconscious psychological origin? | Freud. | |
| What did Freud use free association and dream analysis to do? | uncover hidden problems | |
| Freud's 3 aspects | 1) ID - pleasure seeker 2) Super Ego- rule oriented 3) Ego - balance, mediates conflict between the other two. | |
| List the 7 Defense Mechanisms & Name the psychologist that went with them. | 1) Repression 2) Rationalization 3) Projection 4) Reaction Formation 5) Denial 6) Displacement 7) Regression Psychologist: Freud | |
| What is repression? | pushing troubling thoughts into unconscious | |
| What is rationalization? | excusing unacceptable motive w/ acceptable | |
| What is projection? | attribute short comings and faults to others | |
| What is reaction formation? | hiding unacceptable motives with opposite | |
| What is denial? | refusal to acknowledge troubling realities | |
| What is displacement? | directing unacceptable impulses at an easier target | |
| What is regression? | reverting to earlier, easier developmental state | |
| Carl Jung | -psychoanalytic theorist -believed humans have an individual unconscious & shared collective unconscious | |
| Carl Jung's ideas found in cultures | certain ideas are common to all cultures: -God -Religion -Government -Satan -Family -Military | |
| Alfred Adler's beliefs | -believed that BIRTH ORDER strongly influenced personalities -believed the source of human striving was to compensate for FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY | |
| What are traits? | personal characteristics that remain fairly consistent across situations. | |
| Gordon Allport | (Trait theories) 6 common traits ppl share, but in diff amts 1- Theoretical: Thinking 2- Economic: practical 3- Social: Communal 4- Esthetic: Artistic 5- Political: Power 6- Religious: Spiritual | |
| Costa & McCrae's Big Five Traits | 1. Extraversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Neuroticism 5. Openness | Low Scorers: High Scorers: Loner, quiet talkative, joiner Suspicious trusting lazy, disorg. hard-working, org Calm worried, self-conscious Conventional imaginative, creative |
| Humanistic Theorists | Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers | |
| Abraham Maslow | -believed that humans are basically good -focused on healthy people | |
| Maslow's Characteristics of Self-actualizers | -acceptance of self, others, & the world -spontaneous & natural -non-conformists -problem-focused, not self-focused -freshness of appreciation -care for others -gentle sense of humor comfortable with solitude -"peak" experiences of joy | |
| Carl Rogers believed that people are unhappy because.. | they try to please others & adopt others' values. | |
| Roger's 3 ways to help ppl find personal values: | 1- unconditional positive regard 2- non-direct approach 3- reflection of client's feelings | |
| Social/Behavioral Theorists | B.F. Skinner & Albert Bandura | |
| Skinner believed.. | Personality= behavior, shaped by person's "history of reinforcement & punishment" | |
| Bandura believed ... | -personality is formed through social influences- observation & vicarious reinforcement -behavior is controlled by feelings of self-efficacy. | |
| What is self-efficacy? | the belief that we can do something. | |
| What are the two types of personality assessments, & examples of each? | 1) Projective Tests: -word associations -pic test -ink blots 2) Self-report Tests: -Neo-Pi -Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory | |
| What is abnormal psychology? | behavior not found in the majority of the population. | |
| 4 Criteria: | 1. Deviance- socially unacceptable 2. Distress- personal misery 3. Dysfunction- behavioral impairment 4. Danger- to self & others | |
| DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | used as a guide book to diagnose various mental disorders | |
| Anxiety Disorders | -Panic Disorders: recurrent anxiety attacks -OCD: thoughts & irresistable impulses & rituals -Phobias: intense, irrational fears | |
| 3 most common thoughts in OCD | Violence, contamination, & doubt | |
| 3 Common Phobias | acrophobia: heights claustrophobia: enclosed spaces agorophobia: bad happenings | |
| Mood Disorders | characterized by disruptive disturbances in mood and emotional state | |
| Major depressive disorder, aka "common cold" of mental illness | -dysphoric mood *Dysthmic disorder: less severe form | |
| Bipolar Disorder | -extreme mood swings *Cyclothymic disorder: less severe form | |
| *30,000 annually in US *600,000 attempts *2/3 "completers" are male *3/4 "attempters" are female *males use violent means (gun, noose) *females use less violent (pills, poison) *highest rate among older, white males | Suicide Stats | |
| Suicide warning signs | *substance abuse *relationship prob *suicidal talk *prolonged illness *prior attempts *econ/work probs *depression/emo probs *loneliness/living alone *has experienced a sense of stressful events | |
| Suicide Intervention | 1. Establish + relationship (vent) 2. clarify the prob 3. Access suicide potention (plan?) 4. Mobilize person's resources (plans, goals, + track) 5. Formulate a plan 6. Follow up (keep checkin on them) | |
| Schizophrenia | a deterioration of functioning characterized by sever distortions of thought perception and mood, by bizarre behavior, & by social w/drawal (psychosis-split from reality) | |
| 4 major symptoms w/ schizophrenia | 1. Delusions (+) 2. Hallucinations (+) 3. Disorganized thinkin & speech(-) 4. Disorganized or catatonic behavior (-) *Negative Symptom: Reduces functioning | |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | (aka Multiple personalities) 2 or more distinct personalities in one body | |
| 5 most frequent seen alters in DID | *children *protectors *expressors of forbidden impulses *those based on loved ones *avengers of past abusers | |
| What percentage of DID cases are linked to sever abuse in early childhood? | 95% |
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