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Unit 8A Terms
Motivation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. |
Instinct | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. |
Drive-Reduction Theory | The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
Incentive | A positive or negative environmental |
Evolutionary Theory | The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection. |
Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs to become active. |
Intrinsic Motivation | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is learned. |
Extrinsic Motivation | A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. |
Self-Actualization | According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential. |
Glucose | The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major sources of energy of body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
Set Point | The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
Basal Metabolic Rate | The body's resting rate of energy expenditure. |
Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
Binge-Eating Disorder | Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa. |
Personnel Psychology | The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. |
Organizational Psychology | A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. |
Achievement Motivation | A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard. |
Industrial/Organizational Psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
Task Leadership | Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses on goals. |
Social Leadership | Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, meditates conflict, and offers suport. |
Flow | A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. |
Serotonin | A compound present in blood platelets and serum that constricts the blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter. |
Lateral Hypothalamus | It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this can cause reduced food intake. It is a part of the thalamus. |
Leptin | a hormone that is thought to suppress appetite and speed up metabolism. |
Ventromedial Hypothalamus | A set of symptoms caused by experimental lesions. |
Theory X | Managers assume that workers are passive, lazy, and motivated only by money and security. |
Theory Y | Managers assume that workers want to grow psychologically and are desirous of autonomy and responsibility. |
Hunger Motivation | A drive or arousal state introduced by food deprivation, precipitating food seeking behavior. |
Need to Belong | the motivation to be part of relationships, belong to groups, and viewed positively by others. |