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Unit 8A Terms

Motivation

QuestionAnswer
Motivation A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Drive-Reduction Theory The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentive A positive or negative environmental
Evolutionary Theory The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.
Hierarchy of Needs Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs to become active.
Intrinsic Motivation A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is learned.
Extrinsic Motivation A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
Self-Actualization According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.
Glucose The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major sources of energy of body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set Point The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Binge-Eating Disorder Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
Personnel Psychology The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.
Organizational Psychology A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
Achievement Motivation A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.
Industrial/Organizational Psychology The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Task Leadership Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses on goals.
Social Leadership Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, meditates conflict, and offers suport.
Flow A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
Serotonin A compound present in blood platelets and serum that constricts the blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter.
Lateral Hypothalamus It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this can cause reduced food intake. It is a part of the thalamus.
Leptin a hormone that is thought to suppress appetite and speed up metabolism.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus A set of symptoms caused by experimental lesions.
Theory X Managers assume that workers are passive, lazy, and motivated only by money and security.
Theory Y Managers assume that workers want to grow psychologically and are desirous of autonomy and responsibility.
Hunger Motivation A drive or arousal state introduced by food deprivation, precipitating food seeking behavior.
Need to Belong the motivation to be part of relationships, belong to groups, and viewed positively by others.
Created by: APPsychology
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