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Psych Part 4
Conscious Mind and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consciousness | awareness of outside world and one's own mental processes thoughts feelings and perception. subjective. private. every-changing. self-reflective. keeps brain from overloading |
| neural basis of consciousness | no single place where it resides. collection of largely separate but interactive infoprocessing model. by-product of the brain |
| preconscious | mental events outside of awareness that can be retrieved |
| unconscious | mental events kept out of the consciousness but that can affect behavior. |
| emotional uncnosciousness | emphasis that emotinoal and motivational processes operate unconsciously and influence behavior |
| altered states of consciousnes | sleep, hyponosis, drug abus, meditation |
| sleep | state of consciousness. no knowledge of being in it until we wake up. slow breathing and irregular brain waives |
| sleep is regulated by | process of falling asleep is by forebrain. rem is regulated by brain stem. limbic system are highly active druing rem |
| restoration model | sleep recharges our run down bodies and allows us to recover physical and menta fatigue |
| evolutionary model | sleep increases species chances of survival in relation to its environmental demands |
| stage 1 of sleep. | theta waves. images of hallucination (sensory experiences occur without sensory stimuli). have senation of floating or falling |
| stage 2 of sleep | spindles- rapid rhythmic brainwave activity. officially asleep. 20 minute duration. sleep talking can occur here |
| stage 3 and 4 | delta waves. deep sleep. children wet beds, adults sleep walk. 40-45 minutes. heart and breathing rate slow. |
| when stage 4 ends | the elctrical activity of the brain increases and the sleeper climbs back up through the stages in reverse order. 123432 then REM |
| rem sleep | nearly an hour after you fall asleep. 10 minutes intially then more and more throughout night |
| active sleep (REM) | heart rate rises, breathing rapid, every 30 seconds eyes move rapidly. motor cortex still active. brani stem blocks messages from body so essentially paralyzed. not easily awakened. |
| sleep cycles occur every | 90 minutes. you are in rem 20-25 percent of the night |
| insomnia | persistent problems in falling or staying asleep over an extended period of time |
| dreams | hallucinations of the mind. can occur in any stage but mostly in REM \. some fake while others confused with reality |
| nightmares | distrubing dreams that cause dreamer to wake up feeling anxious and or frigthtened |
| night terror | sleep disorder. mostly kids. screaming, thrashing around. doublying of heart and breahting. occurs in stage 4 |
| lucid dreams | when you realizes you are dreaming |
| recurring dreams | dreams that repeat themselsves with little variation in story or theme. unconsciuos conflict that needs to be resolved |
| prophetic dreams | seem to tell the future. dreaming mind pieces things together that we normally overlook to create a dream |
| freuds things to dreams | to guard sleep to fulfill wishes of the unconsious. |
| latent content | the actual unconscious desires disguised and hidden in dreams |
| manifest content | surgace story that dreamer report |
| dream work | latent turns to manifest |
| alfred adler | tools we use to solve our problems |
| activation synthesis theory | no meaning. by-product of rem neural activity.brain is bombarded with stuff and so makes sense of them in works of dreams |
| activation componenet | brain bombarded with neural activity |
| synthesis componenet | brain tries to make sense of bombarded stuff |
| hyponisis | an induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and highly focuses attentino |
| meditation | a state of consciousness often indueced by focusing on a reptitive behavior, assuming certain body positinos, and minimizing external stimulation. |
| psychoactive drugs | chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the brain |
| agonistic drugs | increase activity of neurotransmitters |
| antagonistic drugs | decreases activity of neurotransmitters |
| biological factor that affect drugs | potnetial genetic role. influence sensitivity and tolerance to drugs |
| psychological factors that affect drugs | have difficulty adjusting to life's demands and so vulnerable to drug addictino |
| environmental factors that affect drugs | physical and social setting. behaviors of others |
| hallucinogens. | LSD and marijuana. distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory stimuli. generally psychological dependence unknown physical dependence |
| depressants | alcohol, heroin, barbiturates. calm neural activity and slow body functions. moderate to high physical and psychological dependence |
| stimulants | cocaine, nicotine, ecstacy. excite neural activity and arouse body functinos. high physical and psychological dependence |
| opiates | heroin, morphine. highly addictive. produce profound sense of wel being and have strong relieiving properties |
| physical dependence | body adjusts and comes to need the drug for everyday functioning |
| psychological dependence | desire to obtain or use a drug even with no physical dependence |
| tolerance | reduced effectiveness of a drug after repeated use |
| addiction | conditino in which a person continues to use a drug despites its adverse effects. |
| withdrawal | a pattern of uncomfortabl or painful physical symptoms and cravings due to decreased amount or eliminated drug |
| whats the practical use of hypnosis | pain reliever. |
| senations | brain niterprets sensory stimuli as vision, sound, taste, feel |
| perception | gives meaning to sensation |
| weber's law | higher the intensity of the stimuli the higher the just noticeable difference |
| signal detection theory | how we detect signal and make a judgement of the sensation |
| bottom up | stimulation first and then brain interprets and understands it |
| top down | brain has certain expectation, memories, and other cognitive factors linked to the sensation it is seeking |
| gestalt | much of perception is shaped by innate factors built in the brain. patterns fo whole |
| figure ground | figure is the part of the stimuli that demands attention while ground is the background |
| closure | tendency to fill in gaps in figures and see complete figures |
| law of simliarity | tend to group simliar objects together in perception |
| law of proximity | tend to group close objects together |
| law of continuity | we prefer connected and continuous figures |
| law of common fate | tend to group simliar objects that share common motion or destination ( a school of fish) |
| law of pragnanz | simplest organization requires least cognitive effort. we tend to see fully developed concepts |
| perceptual set | readiness to detect a particular stimulus in a given context as when a person who is afraid interprets an unfamiliar sound as a threat |
| how does the sleep cycle pattern go | stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 2, REM, 2, REM, awake |
| sleep apnea | a respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently stop breathing many times while asleep |
Created by:
LittleD331
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